NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Civics Chapter 10 Law and Social Justice

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Civics Chapter 10 Law and Social Justice

These Solutions are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science. Here we have given. NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Civics Chapter 10 Law and ”
Social Justice

Question 1.
Talk to two workers (for example, construction workers, farm workers, factory workers, workers at any shop) to find out if they are receiving the minimum wages \ laid down by law.
Answer:

• Construction workers : They do not receive the minimum wages.
• Farm workers : They do not receive the minimum wages.
• Factory workers : They receive minimum wages.
• Workers at the shop : They get minimum wages.

Question 2.
What are the advantages to foreign companies in setting-up production in India?
Answer:
Foreign countries have many advantages of setting up their factories in India like: 

• Availability of cheap labour. There is a vast differences in the wages that the workers get in U.S.A. and European countries as compare to what they get in India.
• For lower wages companies get longer hours of work.
• Their additional expenses for housing insurance are also less.
• They are able to use lower safety measures due to weak laws.
• They do not even spend money on clearing the pollution they create.
• Thus are able to cut and save costs on safety measurement; and earn profits.

Question 3.
Do you think the victims of the Bhopal gas tragedy got justice? Discuss.
Answer:
No. As the gas victims are still not rehabilitated:

• They are still suffering from effects of gas leaks.
• Their cases are still pending in numerous courts.

Question 4.
What do we mean when we speak of law enforcement? Who is responsible for enforcement? Why is enforcement so important?
Answer:

1. When we speak of law enforcement, we mean that the provisions of the law must be applicable to all and sundry without discrimination.
2. Government is responsible for law enforcement.
3. Rights of workers and citizens to be protected.
   • With more industries being set up by both Indians and foreign businesses, there is a greater need for stronger laws.
   • It is all the more important to safeguard our environment.

Question 5.
How can laws ensure that markets work in a manner that is fair? Give two examples to support your answer.
Answer:
Law can ensure that markets work in a manner that is fair by ensuring the enforcement of the law in letter and spirit.

• Law against hoarding and black marketing must be enforced in such a way that stringent punishment be given to the violators of the law and the hoarded goods must be forfeited.
• Anti Child Labour Act must be enforced, not a single child must be allowed to work in shops, tea stalls and restaurants.

Question 6.
Imagine yourself to be a worker working in a chemical factory, which has received orders from the government to move to a different site 100 kms away from the present location. Write about how your life would change? Read out your responses in the classroom.
Answer:
My life would change drastically.

• There will not be any pollution.
• Wages would increase. .
• Housing facilities may be provided.
• Some problems would come initially regarding transport, housing, etc.
• Employer would pay more attention to the workers.

Question 7.
Write a paragraph on the various roles of the government that you have read about in this unit.
Answer:
Various Roles of the Government:

• Enactment of Minimum Wages Act.
• Law protecting the interests of the producers and consumers in the market.
• Law relating to adequate safety measures at workplace.
• Quality standards to be fixed.
• Law against hoarding and black marketing of essential commodities.
• Law against sexual harassment of women at workplace.
• Law against child labour at workplace.
• Law to form workers/labour unions.

Question 8.
What are the sources of environmental pollution in your area? Discuss with respect to
(a) air; (b) water and (c) soil. What are the steps being taken to reduce the pollution? Can you suggest some other measures?
Answer:
Causes of Pollution in our Area:
(a) Air pollution: Vehicles, thermal power station.
(b) Water pollution: Dry latrines, sever age water, water drawing industries, tanneries.
(c) Soil: Industrial effluents and ash of the thermal power station.

Steps being taken to reduce the pollution:

• Appropriate measures need to be taken by countries/regions of the world to stop misuse or overuse of resources.
• Corrective steps to improve the quality of degraded resources must be taken for treatment of Sewage.
• Banning the use of certain dangerous pesticides like D.D.T.
• Safe disposal of wastes and garbage.

Other Measures:

• Check harmful emission from automobiles, industries.
• Using 3Rs.
• Limiting use of non-renewable resources.

Question 9.
How was environment treated earlier? What has been the change in perception?Discuss.
Answer:

• Environment was treated as “free” entity and all were allowed to degrade or pollute it.
• No attention was paid by the governments as it was believed “nature cleans itself’.
• But, now the perception has changed and countries are introducing new legislations to protect environment.

Question 10.
What do you think the famous cartoonist R.K. Laxman is trying to convey in this cartoon?
Answer:

1. R.K. Laxman is trying to show that we ourselves are responsible for increasing child labour.
2. We are not sensitive towards the needs and aspirations of other children.
3. It relates to the law of prohibiting children below 14 years to be employed as domestic servants.

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