Practicing Class 9 Science MCQ and Class 9 Science Exploration Chapter 12 MCQ Online Test with Answers Patterns in Life Diversity and Classification daily helps in time management.
Class 9 Science Chapter 12 Patterns in Life Diversity and Classification MCQ
Patterns in Life Diversity and Classification MCQ
Class 9 Science Chapter 12 MCQ online test
Question 1.
Species found only in a particular region and not naturally anywhere else are called:
(a) Extinct species
(b) Endemic species
(c) Invasive species
(d) Endangered species
Answer:
(b) Endemic species
Question 2.
Which of the following is NOT a biodiversity hotspot in India?
(a) Western Ghats
(b) Thar Desert
(c) Indo-Burma
(d) Himalayas
Answer:
(b) Thar Desert
Question 3.
The Nilgiri thar is an example of:
(a) An invasive species
(b) A species found worldwide
(c) An endemic species of India
(d) An extinct species
Answer:
(c) An endemic species of India
Question 4.
Nepenthes khasiana is commonly known as the:
(a) Neelakurinji
(b) Venus flytrap
(c) Indian pitcher plant
(d) Sundarban mangrove
Answer:
(c) Indian pitcher plant
Question 5.
Which of the following is an endemic animal of the Western Ghats?
(a) Bengal tiger
(b) Lion-tailed macaque
(c) Asian elephant
(d) Indian rhinoceros
Answer:
(b) Lion-tailed macaque
Question 6.
Who proposed the five-kingdom classification system?
(a) Aristotle
(b) Carolus Linnaeus
(c) Robert H. Whittaker
(d) Carl Woese
Answer:
(c) Robert H. Whittaker
Question 7.
Kingdom Monera includes organisms that are:
(a) Multicellular eukaryotes
(b) Unicellular prokaryotes
(c) Unicellular eukaryotes
(d) Multicellular prokaryotes
Answer:
(b) Unicellular prokaryotes
Question 8.
Yeast is placed under Kingdom Fungi because:
(a) It is multicellular
(b) It has a cell wall made of cellulose
(c) It has a cell wall made of chitin
(d) It performs photosynthesis
Answer:
(c) It has a cell wall made of chitin
Question 9.
Which kingdom includes autotrophic organisms with cell walls made of cellulose?
(a) Fungi
(b) Protista
(c) Animalia
(d) Plantae
Answer:
(d) Plantae
Question 10.
The three-domain system was proposed by:
(a) Linnaeus
(b) Carl Woese
(c) Haeckel
(d) Whittaker
Answer:
(b) Carl Woese
Question 11.
Which of the following is an example of a useful bacterium?
(a) Plasmodium
(b) Lactobacillus
(c) Amoeba
(d) Penicillium
Answer:
(b) Lactobacillus
Question 12.
Which class of plants is called the ‘amphibians of the plant kingdom ‘?
(a) Thallophyta
(b) Bryophyta
(c) Pteridophyta
(d) Gymnosperm
Answer:
(b) Bryophyta
Question 13.
Which of the following animals has an exoskeleton?
(a) Earthworm
(b) Starfish
(c) Crab
(d) Hydra
Answer:
(c) Crab
Question 14.
A notochord is found in:
(a) Porifera
(b) Arthropoda
(c) Chordata
(d) Mollusca
Answer:
(c) Chordata
Question 15.
Which phylum includes animals with spiny skin and internal skeleton of calcium carbonate?
(a) Mollusca
(b) Arthropoda
(c) Echinodermata
(d) Annelida
Answer:
(c) Echinodermata
Question 16.
Flatworms belong to the phylum:
(a) Nematoda
(b) Annelida
(c) Platyhelminthes
(d) Cnidaria
Answer:
(c) Platyhelminthes
Question 17.
Which vertebrate class includes warm-blooded animals with feathers?
(a) Mammals
(b) Reptiles
(c) Birds
(d) Amphibians
Answer:
(c) Birds
Question 18.
Find out incorrect sentence.
(a) Protista includes unicellular eukaryotic organisms.
(b) Whittaker considered cell structure, mode, and source of nutrition for classifying the organisms in five kingdoms.
(c) Both Monera and Protista may be autotrophic and heterotrophic.
(d) Monerans have a well-defined nucleus.
Answer:
(d) Members of Kingdom Monera are prokaryotic organisms. They have typical prokaryotic cellular structure characterised by the absence of a well-defined nucleus and all membrane-bound cell organelles. Members of Kingdom Monera include bacteria, cyanobacteria (blue-green algae), etc.
Question 19.
Which among the following have specialised tissue for conduction of water?
(i) Thallophyta
(ii) Bryophyta
(iii) Pteridophyta
(iv) Gymnosperms
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (iii) and (iv)
(d) (i) and (iv)
Answer:
(c) In Kingdom Plantae, vascular tissues, i.e., specialised tissues for the conduction of water and minerals (xylem) and for the translocation of food (phloem), are present in the groups Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae and Angiospermae. The groups Thallophyta and Bryophyta do not possess vascular tissues for the conduction of water, minerals, and food.
Question 20.
Which among the following produce seeds?
(a) Thallophyta
(b) Bryophyta
(c) Pteridophyta
(d) Gymnosperms
Answer:
(d) Gymnosperms (Gimnosperms-naked, sperma-seed) are the group of plants which possess naked seeds, and are usually perennial, evergreen, and woody. Examples of some gymnosperms are Pinus, Cycas, Cedrus, etc. Thallophyta, Bryophyta, and Pteridophyta are the groups of plants that do not bear seeds at all.
Question 21.
Which one is a true fish?
(a) Jellyfish
(b) Starfish
(c) Dogfish
(d) Silver fish
Answer:
(c) Jellyfish (Aurelia), starfish (Asterias), and silver fish (Lepisma) belong to the phyla Coelenterata, Echinodermata, and Arthropoda, respectively, and are all invertebrates. Dogfish (Scoliodon) is a true fish that belongs to Class Pisces of Vertebrata.
Question 22.
Which among the following is exclusively marine?
(a) Porifera
(b) Echinodermata
(c) Mollusca
(d) Pisces
Answer:
(b) All the known members of Phylum
Echinodermata (the spiny-skinned animals) are exclusively marine. Members of Phylum Porifera are mostly marine, rarely freshwater (e.g., Spongilla). Members of Phylum Mollusca are mostly marine. Many, however, occur in fresh water (e.g., Unio), and some even in damp soil (e.g., some snails and slugs). Members of Class Pisces are both marine as well as fresh water.
Question 23.
Which among the circulatory system?
(i) Arthropoda
(ii) Mollusca
(iii) Annelida
(iv) Coelenterata
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (iii) and (iv)
(c) (i) and (iii)
(d) (ii) and (iv)
Answer:
(a) In open circulatory system, blood flows in open spaces and bathes the cells directly. It does not flow in well-defined blood vessels. Examples: Arthropoda and Mollusca (except cuttlefish). In closed circulatory system, blood circulates inside the blood vessels without ever coming in direct contact with the body cells. Examples: Annelida and Chordata. Blood is not present in the phyla Porifera, Coelenterata, Ctenophora, Platyhelminthes, and Aschelminthes.
Question 24.
In which group of animals coelom is filled with blood?
(a) Arthropoda
(b) Annelida
(c) Nematoda
(d) Echinodermata
Answer:
(a) Due to the presence of open circulatory system in the Phyla Arthropoda and Mollusca, the coelomic cavity (or coelom) is filled with blood and is referred to as haemocoel.
Question 25.
Elephantiasis is caused by
(a) Wuchereria
(b) pinworm
(c) planarians
(d) liver flukes.
Answer:
(a) Wuchereria (filarial worm) is a parasitic worm belonging to Phylum Aschelminthes (Nematoda) and the causal organism of disease elephantiasis (or filariasis). The disease is spread by female Culex mosquitoes from affected individuals to healthy individuals. The disease is characterised by swelling of the legs and/or scrotum.
Question 26.
Which one is the most striking or (common) character of the vertebrates?
(a) Presence of notochord
(b) Presence of triploblastic condition
(c) Presence of gill pouches
(d) Presence of coelom
Answer:
(a) Notochord is a solid, unjointed, rod-like structure situated on the dorsal side between the dorsal, hollow nerve cord and the alimentary canal. Presence of notochord is one of the characteristic features of chordates, including vertebrates. In vertebrates, notochord is only present in the embryonic stage and is replaced by a cartilaginous or bony vertebral column in the adults.
Question 27.
Which among the following have scales?
(i) Amphibians
(ii) Pisces
(iii) Reptiles
(iv) Mammals
(a) (i) and (iii)
(b) (iii) and (iv)
(c) (ii) and (iii)
(d) (i) and (ii)
Answer:
(c) (ii) and (iii)
Question 28.
Find out the false statement.
(a) Aves are warm-blooded, egg-laying, and have a four-chambered heart.
(b) Aves have a feather-covered body, forelimbs are modified as wings, and breathe through lungs.
(c) Most of the mammals are viviparous.
(d) Fishes, amphibians, and reptiles are oviparous.
Answer:
(None): Aves (birds) are warm-blooded animals and have a four-chambered heart. They are oviparous (egg-laying). There is an outside covering of feathers, and two forelimbs are modified into wings for flight. They respire by means of lungs. Most of the mammals are viviparous, i.e., they give birth to young ones, except some like duck-billed platypus. (These are called egg-laying mammals.) Fish, amphibians, and reptiles are all oviparous, i.e., they lay eggs, except a few.
Question 29.
Pteridophyta do not have
(a) root
(b) stem
(c) flowers
(d) leaves
Answer:
(c) The plant body of pteridophytes is differentiated into roots, stem, and leaves. Pteridophytes do not possess flowers. Flowers are the reproductive organs which are borne by angiosperms only.
Question 30.
Identify a member of Porifera.
(a) Spongilla
(b) Euglena
(c) Penicillium
(d) Hydra
Answer:
(a) Spongilla (freshwater sponge) is a member of Phylum Porifera. Euglena belongs to Kingdom Protista, Penicillium belongs to Kingdom Fungi, and Hydra belongs to Phylum Coelenterata (Kingdom Animalia).
Question 31.
Which is not an aquatic animal?
(a) Hydra
(b) Jellyfish
(c) Corals
(d) Filaria
Answer:
(None): Hydra, jellyfish (Aurelia), and corals are all coelenterates and are aquatic. Filaria is a disease which is caused by filarial worm Wuchereria. It is a parasite that lives in the lymphatic system of human beings.
Question 32.
Amphibians do not have
(a) three-chambered heart
(b) gills or lungs
(c) scales
(d) mucus glands
Answer:
(c) Amphibians have a three-chambered heart comprising of two atria and one ventricle. The respiratory organs are skin, lungs. Buccopharyngeal cavity and gills. Their skin contains mucus glands, which keep it moist. Amphibians do not possess scales on their body.
Question 33.
Organisms without nucleus and cell organelles belong to
(i) fungi
(ii) Protista
(iii) cyanobacteria
(iv) archaebacteria
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (iii) and (iv)
(c) (i) and (iv)
(d) (ii) and (iii)
Answer:
(b) Kingdom Monera contains all prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria, archaebacteria, cyanobacteria, mycoplasma, etc. These organisms have prokaryotic cellular structure characterised by absence of well organelles.
Patterns in Life Diversity and Classification Class 9 Assertion and Reason Questions
Directions: Each question contains two statements: Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Select the correct answer from the option below:
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is
Question 1.
Assertion (A): Bryophytes are called the amphibians of the plant kingdom.
Reason (R): Bryophytes live on land but require water for reproduction.
Answer:
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Explanation:
Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion. Bryophytes grow on moist land but their male reproductive cells must swim through water to reach female cells, so they depend on both land and water like amphibians.
Question 2.
Assertion (A): Fungi are placed in the same kingdom as plants.
Reason (R): Fungi have a heterotrophic mode of nutrition.
Answer:
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
Explanation:
Fungi are not placed in Kingdom Plantae; they have their own separate Kingdom Fungi. The reason is true, and in fact, heterotrophic nutrition is one reason they were separated from plants.
Question 3.
Assertion (A): Arthropods are the most diverse group in the animal kingdom.
Reason (R): Their exoskeleton provides protection and reduces water loss, allowing them to survive in many environments.
Answer:
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Explanation:
The exoskeleton provides protection, prevents water loss and supports muscles, enabling arthropods to colonise a wide range of habitats, including dry and exposed environments.
Question 4.
Assertion (A): The scientific name of an organism is written in English.
Reason (R): Binomial nomenclature was introduced by Carolus Linnaeus.
Answer:
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
Explanation:
Scientific names are written in Latin or a Latinised form, not in English. Linnaeus did introduce the binomial system of nomenclature.
Question 5.
Assertion (A): Fossils help scientists understand how life has changed over time.
Reason (R): Older rock layers generally contain simpler organisms, while newer layers show more complex forms.
Answer:
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Explanation:
The arrangement of simpler organisms in older layers and complex organisms in newer layers provides evidence of how life evolved over millions of years.
Question 6.
Assertion (A): Viruses are included in the five kingdom classification.
Reason (R): Viruses contain genetic material like living organisms.
Answer:
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
Explanation:
Viruses are not included in any of the five kingdoms because they lack cellular structure. The reason is true: viruses do contain genetic material (DNA or RNA) and a protein coat.
Question 7.
Assertion (A): Cyanobacteria are classified under Kingdom Monera.
Reason (R): Cyanobacteria are unicellular prokaryotes.
Answer:
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Explanation:
Monera includes unicellular prokaryotes, which is exactly what cyanobacteria are.
Patterns in Life Diversity and Classification Class 9 Fill in the Blanks
1. The enormous variety of living organisms on Earth is called ___________.
Answer:
biodiversity
2. Regions with many endemic species and significant habitat loss are known as ___________.
Answer:
biodiversity hotspots
3. Neelakurinji is an ___________ species found only in India.
Answer:
endemic
4. The ___________ Ghats is one of the four biodiversity hotspots of India.
Answer:
Western
5. The Indian pitcher plant has the scientific name ___________.
Answer:
Nepenthes Khasiana
6. The cell wall of fungi is made up of ___________.
Answer:
chitin
7. Organisms that depend on dead organic matter for food are called ___________.
Answer:
saprophytes
8. Amoeba and Paramecium belong to Kingdom ___________.
Answer:
Protista
9. Bacteria and cyanobacteria are grouped under Kingdom ___________.
Answer:
Monera
10. The three domain system has three domains: Bacteria, ___________ and Eukarya.
Answer:
Archaea
11. Ferns have specialised transport tissues called ___________ and ___________.
Answer:
xylem; phloem
12. Gymnosperms produce seeds that are not enclosed in ___________.
Answer:
fruits
13. Sponges belong to the phylum ___________.
Answer:
Porifera
14. Animals without a notochord are called ___________.
Answer:
invertebrates (non-chordata)
15. Angiosperms are also known as ___________ plants.
Answer:
flowering
16. Mammals feed their young with milk produced by ___________ glands.
Answer:
mammary
Patterns in Life Diversity and Classification Class 9 True or False
1. The Western Ghats is a biodiversity hotspot.
Answer:
True.
(Reason: The Western Ghats supports a large number of endemic species and have experienced significant habitat loss.)
2. Endemic species can be found naturally in many regions around the world.
Answer:
False.
(Reason: Endemic species are restricted to a particular region and are not found naturally anywhere else.)
3. Biodiversity plays no role in keeping ecosystems stable.
Answer:
False.
(Reason: Biodiversity is essential for life on Earth. Every organism plays a role in keeping nature stable and functioning.)
4. Protecting biodiversity hotspots helps in maintaining food webs and healthy ecosystems.
Answer:
True.
(Reason: Biodiversity hotspots contain many unique species that support ecosystem stability.)
5. Fungi are autotrophic organisms.
Answer:
False.
(Reason: Fungi are heterotrophic. They absorb nutrients from dead or decay¬ing organic matter or from living hosts.)
6. Cyanobacteria are eukaryotic organisms.
Answer:
False.
(Reason: Cyanobacteria are prokaryotic organisms and are placed in Kingdom Monera.)
7. In the two-kingdom system, bacteria were included under Plantae.
Answer:
True.
(Reason: In the two-kingdom system, organisms that did not move were placed under Plantae, which included bacteria.)
8. Mushrooms belong to Kingdom Plantae.
Answer:
False.
(Reason: Mushrooms belong to Kingdom Fungi because they are heterotrophic and have cell walls made of chitin.)
9. Pteridophytes produce seeds.
Answer:
False.
(Reason: Pteridophytes do not produce seeds. They reproduce by spores and require water for reproduction.)
10. Arthropods have jointed appendages.
Answer:
True.
(Reason: The name ‘Arthropoda’ itself means ‘jointed appendages’, which is the defining feature of the phylum.)
11. Echinoderms have a notochord.
Answer:
False.
(Reason: Echinoderms lack a notochord. They have an internal skeleton made of calcium carbonate but are classified as invertebrates.)
12. Birds have hollow bones to help them fly.
Answer:
True. (Reason: Hollow bones reduce body weight, making flight possible.)
Patterns in Life Diversity and Classification Class 9 Match the Following
Question 1.
Match the following kingdoms with their characteristics:
| Column A (Kingdom) | Column B (Characteristics) |
| 1. Monera | (a) Multicellular, autotrophic, cellulose cell wall |
| 2. Protista | (b) Unicellular prokaryotes |
| 3. Fungi | (c) Multicellular, heterotrophic, no cell wall |
| 4. Plantae | (d) Heterotrophic, chitin cell wall |
| 5. Animalia | (e) Unicellular eukaryotes |
Answer:
| Column A (Kingdom) | Column B (Characteristics) |
| 1. Monera | (b) Unicellular prokaryotes |
| 2. Protista | (e) Unicellular eukaryotes |
| 3. Fungi | (d) Heterotrophic, chitin cell wall |
| 4. Plantae | (a) Multicellular, autotrophic, cellulose cell wall |
| 5. Animalia | (c) Multicellular, heterotrophic, no cell wall |
Question 2.
Match the following animal phyla with their key features.
| Column A (Animal Phyla) | Column B (Key Feature) |
| 1. Porifera | (a) Jointed appendages, exoskeleton |
| 2. Cnidaria | (b) Segmented body, body cavity |
| 3. Annelida | (c) Pores in body, no tissues |
| 4. Arthropoda | (d) Spiny skin, internal skeleton |
| 5. Echinodermata | (e) Tentacles for catching prey, tissue level |
Answer:
| Column A (Animal Phyla) | Column B (Key Feature) |
| 1. Porifera | (c) Pores in body, no tissues |
| 2. Cnidaria | (e) Tentacles for catching prey, tissue level |
| 3. Annelida | (b) Segmented body, body cavity |
| 4. Arthropoda | (a) Jointed appendages, exoskeleton |
| 5. Echinodermata | (d) Tentacles for catching prey, tissue level |
Question 3.
Match the scientist with their contribution:
| Column A (Scientist) | Column B (Contribution) |
| 1. Aristotle | (a) Three Domain System |
| 2. Carolus Linnaeus | (b) Five Kingdom Classification |
| 3. Ernst Haeckel | (c) Habitat-based animal classification |
| 4. R. H. Whittaker | (d) Added Kingdom Protista |
| 5. Carl Woese | (e) Binomial nomenclature |
Answer:
| Column A (Scientist) | Column B (Contribution) |
| 1. Aristotle | (c) Habitat-based animal classification |
| 2. Carolus Linnaeus | (e) Binomial nomenclature |
| 3. Ernst Haeckel | (d) Added Kingdom Protista |
| 4. R. H. Whittaker | (b) Five Kingdom Classification |
| 5. Carl Woese | (a) Three Domain System |
MCQ On Patterns in Life Diversity and Classification Class 9 for Practice
Choose the correct option in the following questions
Question 1.
The five-kingdom classification was proposed by:
(a) Aristotle
(b) Linnaeus
(c) Woese
(d) Whittaker
Question 2.
Which of the following is a prokaryote?
(a) Amoeba
(b) Mushroom
(c) Bacterium
(d) Fern
Question 3.
The cell wall of plant cells is made of
(a) Chitin
(b) Cellulose
(c) Protein
(d) Starch
Question 4.
Which phylum includes organisms with jointed legs?
(a) Annelida
(b) Mollusca
(c) Arthropoda
(d) Cnidaria
Question 5.
Bryophytes are called amphibians of the plant kingdom because:
(a) They live in water only
(b) They live on land but need water for reproduction
(c) They can fly
(d) They are animals
Question 6.
Which kingdom includes organisms that absorb nutrients from dead matter?
(a) Plantae
(b) Animalia
(c) Fungi
(d) Monera
Question 7.
Binomial nomenclature means:
(a) One-part naming system
(b) Two-part naming system
(c) Three-part naming system
(d) No naming system
Question 8.
An example of a gymnosperm is:
(a) Rose
(b) Pine
(c) Mushroom
(d) Spirogyra
Question 9.
Euglena is placed in Protista because it is:
(a) Multicellular and prokaryotic
(b) Unicellular and eukaryotic
(c) Multicellular and eukaryotic
(d) Unicellular and prokaryotic
Question 10.
Eossils provide evidence for:
(a) Weather changes
(b) How life changed over time
(c) Types of rocks
(d) Soil composition
Assertion-Reason Questions
Directions: For Questions number (i) to (iv), two statements are given — one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
Question 1.
Assertion (A): Sponges cannot survive on land.
Reason (R): Sponges depend on continuous water flow through their body for food and oxygen.
Question 2.
Assertion (A): Classification systems have evolved over time.
Reason (R): New discoveries and better tools have improved our understanding of organisms.
Question 3.
Assertion (A): All multicellular organisms belong to Kingdom Animalia.
Reason (R): Animalia includes organisms that are heterotrophic.
Question 4.
Assertion (A): Arthropods are the most successful group of invertebrates.
Reason (R): They have a soft body and lack an exoskeleton.
Fill in the blanks
1. The Scientific name of Mango is ___________.
2. Organisms can make their own food are called ___________.
3. A ___________ is a flexible rod-shaped structure found in chordates.
4. Mushrooms reproduce by forming ___________.
5. The simplest plant forms that live in water are called ___________.
6. Lichens are a symbiotic association between a ___________ and an ___________.
7. Fish breathe through ___________.
State whether the statements given below are True or False
1. Viruses are included in the five-kingdom classification.
2. Angiosperms are flowering plants with seeds enclosed in fruits.
3. Earthworms belong to phylum Arthropoda.
4. Protists are all autotrophic organisms.
5. The genus name in a scientific name starts with
6. Reptiles lay eggs in water.
Match the Columns
Question 1.
Match the organisms with their kingdoms:
| Column A (Organism) | Column B (Kingdom) |
| 1. Spirogyra | (a) Fungi |
| 2. Mushroom | (b) Monera |
| 3. Amoeba | (c) Plantae |
| 4. Bacteria | (d) Animalia |
| 5. Tiger | (e) Protista |
Question 2.
Match the plant classes with their features:
| Column A (Plant Class) | Column B (Features) |
| 1. Thallophyta | (d) Seeds in cones |
| 2. Bryophyta | (b) True roots, stems, vascular tissue |
| 3. Pteridophyta | (c) Seeds enclosed in fruits |
| 4. Gymnosperm | (d) Thallus body, aquatic |
| 5. Angiosperm | (e) Root-like rhizoids, need moisture |