Students must start practicing the questions from CBSE Sample Papers for Class 11 History with Solutions Set 1 are designed as per the revised syllabus.
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 11 History Set 1 with Solutions
Time : 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 80
General Instructions:
- Question paper comprises five Sections -A, B, C, D, and E. There are 34 questions in the question paper. All questions are compulsory.
- Section A – Question I to 21 are MCQs of 1 mark each.
- Section B – Question no. 22 to 27 are Short Answer Type questions, carrying 3 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 60-80 words.
- Section C – Question no 28 fo 30 are Long Answer-type questions, carrying 8 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 300-350 words.
- Section D – Question no. 31 to 33 are Source-based questions with three sub-questions and are of 4 marks each.
- Section-E – Question no. 34 is Map-based, carrying 5 marks that includes the identification and location of significant test items. Attach the map with the answer book.
- There is no overall choke in the question paper. However, an infernal choice has been provided in few questions. Only one of the choices in such questions has to be attempted.
Section-A
Objective Type Questions.
Question 1.
Name two rivers which were the major sources of economy in Mesopotamia. [1]
(A) Tigris and Euphrates.
(B) Tigris and Nile
(C) Nile and Euphrates.
(D) None of these
Answer:
Option (A) is correct
Explanation: Mesopotamia, which means ‘between rivers in Greek, is located in the region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in modern-day Iraq, Syria, Turkey, and Iran. The two rivers were the major sources of water and fertile land for the people of Mesopotamia, and they played a vital role in the development of the region’s economy.
Question 2.
What was the most striking feature of Roman Empire? [1]
(A) Public bath
(B) Military
(C) Urban life
(D) All of the above
Answer:
Option (B) is correct.
Explanation: Public baths were a striking feature of Roman urban life. They were not just places to get clean, but also served as social hubs where people could relax, exercise, and socialize. The Romans built some of the most impressive public baths in
the ancient world, and they were a source of great pride for the empire.
Question 3.
Name the industrial material used for making tools and weapons in Mesopotamia. [1]
(A) Bronze
(B) Iron
(C) Copper
(D) Tin
Answer:
Option (A) is correct.
Explanation: The Mesopotamians began using bronze around 3000 BCE. They imported tin from Afghanistan and Iran, and they mined copper in their own region. Bronze tools and weapons were used by the Mesopotamians for centuries, and they played a vital role in their development as a civilization.
Question 4.
Genghis Khan belong to which tribe: [1]
(A) Borjigin
(B) Kiyat
(C) Huan
(D) None of the above
Answer:
Option (A) is correct.
Explanation: Genghis Khan belonged to the Borjigin tribe.
Question 5.
Name two powerful empires who ruled over most of the Europe in 630 BCE. [1]
(A) Rome
(B) Iran
(C) Yemen
(D) Both (A) and (B) are correct
Answer:
Option (D) is correct.
Explanation: In 630 BCE, the two most powerful empires in Europe were the Roman Empire and the Achaemenid Empire of Persia (Iran). The Roman Empire controlled most of the Italian Peninsula, southern France, and parts of Spain. The Achaemenid Empire controlled most of the Middle East, including modern-day Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Syria, and parts of Egypt, Greece, and Afghanistan.
Question 6.
I proposed the heliocentric model of the solar system. Identify me from the given picture. [1]
(A) Galileo Galilei
(B) Tycho Brahe
(C) Nicolaus Copernicus
(D) Johannes Kepler.
Answer:
Option (C) is correct.
Explanation: Nicolaus Copernicus was a mathematician, astronomer, and Catholic canon. He proposed the heliocentric model in the 16th century, which was a revolutionary idea at the time. The heliocentric model is a model of the solar system in which the Sun is at the center and the planets orbit around it.
Question 7.
Identify the two empires from the given options: [1]
These empires lay next to each other
They were rivals to each other
They fought almost throughout the history.
Choose the correct option.
(A) Romans and Mesopotamians
(B) Romans and Ethiopians
(C) Romans and Iranians
(D) None of the above
Answer:
(C) Romans and Iranians
Question 8.
The word settler was used for the …………………… in South Africa. [1]
(A) Portuguese
(B) Dutch
(C) Italian
(D) Americans
Answer:
Option (B) is correct.
Explanation: The Dutch were the first Europeans to settle in South Africa. They established a colony at the Cape of Good Hope in 1652, and they were the dominant European power in South Africa for over 150 years. The Dutch settlers were called “settlers”.
Question 9.
The earliest inhabitants of North America came from ………………………. . [1]
(A) Asia
(B) Africa
(C) South America
(D) None of the above
Answer:
Option (A) is correct.
Explanation: The earliest inhabitants of North America came from Asia, most likely by crossing the Bering land bridge, which connected Asia and North America during the last ice age. This land bridge was exposed when sea levels were lower, and it allowed people to walk from Asia to North America.
Question 10.
Find the suitable definition of ‘aborigine’ from the options given below: [1]
(A) Natives of Africa
(B) Natives of Australia
(C) Natives of North America
(D) None of the above
Answer:
Option (B) is correct.
Explanation: Aborigines are the indigenous people of Australia.
Question 11.
Assertion: Numerous languages were spoken in North America.
Reason: These languages were not written down and were verbally used in the nation. [1]
(A) Both A and R is true but R is not the correct explanation of A
(B) A is true but R is false
(C) A is false but R is true
(D) Both A and R is correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
Answer:
Option (A) is correct
Explanation: There are over 165 indigenous languages spoken in North America today, and many more were spoken before the arrival of Europeans. The fact that the languages were not written down does not mean that there were not numerous languages spoken in North America.
Question 12.
What is the dominant ethnic group in China? [1]
(A) Han
(B) Yan
(C) Yue
(D) Hu
Answer:
Option (A) is correct.
Explanation: The Han Chinese are the dominant ethnic group in China, making up about 92% of the population. They are descendants of the ancient Huaxia people, who lived in the Yellow River Valley.
Question 13.
What was the nature of nationalism in Japan during 1930s -1940s? [1]
(A) State centered nationalism
(B) Capitalistic
(C) Bureaucratic
(D) Centralised
Answer:
Option (A) is correct.
Explanation: The nature of nationalism in Japan during the 1930s-1940s was primarily a state-centered nationalism. During this period, Japan experienced a form of nationalism that was closely tied to the state and its expansionist policies, leading to militarisation and imperialistic ambitions in Asia.
Question 14.
Who is Sun Yat-sen? [1]
(A) A republican revolutionary of China
(B) A bureaucrat of Japan
(C) Military head of China
(D) A republican of Japan
Answer:
Option (A) is correct.
Explanation: Sun Yat-sen was a republican revolutionary of China. He played a pivotal role in the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty and the establishment of the Republic of China, and he is often referred to as the “Father of Modem China” for his contributions to the Chinese Revolution and the founding of the Republic.
Question 15.
Sun – yet- Sen formed a republic by overthrowing Empire. [1]
(A) Manchu
(B) Liang Qichao
(C) Moga
(D) None of the above.
Answer:
Option (A) is correct.
Explanation: Sun Yat-sen played a key role in overthrowing the Manchu Empire, also known as the Qing Dynasty, and establishing the Republic of China in its place.
Question 16.
Who wrote on the ‘dignity of man’? [1]
(A) Mirandola
(B) Dante Alighieri
(C) Leonardo da Vinci
(D) AI- Razi
Answer:
Option (A) is correct.
Explanation: The work on the “Dignity of Man” is associated with Mirandola. Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, an Italian Renaissance philosopher, wrote a famous work titled “Oration on the Dignity of Man” (Oratione sulla dignita delluomo), which
expounds on the idea of human dignity and the potential of humanity.
Question 17.
Match the following and choose the correct option. [1]
| Centuries | Ages |
| A. 5th – 14th century | (i) The Dark Age |
| B. 5th – 9th century | (ii) The middle age |
| C. 9th – 11th century | (iii) The late middle age |
| D. 11th – 14th century | (iv) The early middle age |
(A) A-(ii), B -(i), C-(iv), D-(iii)
(B) A-(ii), B-(iv), C-(iii), D-(ii)
(C) A-(ii), B-(iii), C-(iv), D-(i)
(D) A-(ii), B-(i), C-(iii), D-(iv)
Answer:
Option (A) is correct.
Explanation: The Middle Ages is a period in European history from the 5th to the 14th century. It is later divided into three periods: the Dark Ages (5th to 9th centuries), the Early Middle Ages (9th to 11th centuries), and the Tate Middle Ages (11th to 14th centuries).
Question 18.
Identify the German tribe who gave name to France: [1]
(A) Gaul
(B) Frank
(C) Charlemagne
(D) None of the above
Answer:
Option (B) is correct.
Explanation: The Franks were a Germanic tribe that migrated to Gaul (modern France) in the 5th century. They eventually conquered Gaul and established the Frankish Kingdom, which was the predecessor to the modern French state. The name
“France” is derived from the I..atin word “Francia”, which means “land of the Franks”.
Question 19.
Who believed in the concept that people were members of one of the three ‘orders’? [1]
(A) The French priest
(B) The Clergy
(C) The nobility
(D) Both B and C
Answer:
Option (A) is correct.
Explanation: French priests believed in the concept that people were members of one of the three ‘orders, depending on their work.
Question 20.
Define ‘middle age’ [1]
(A) The term used for the millennium (thousand years) after the fall of Rome.
(B) In the ‘Middle Ages’, they argued, the Church had complete control over men’s minds
(C) The age after the collapse of the Roman Empire
(D) All of the above.
Answer:
Option (D) is correct.
Explanation: The term “middle age” is used to describe the period of European history from the 5th to the 15th century. It is often used interchangeably with the term “medieval period”. The Middle Ages was a time of great change and upheaval in Europe, as the Roman Empire collapsed and new political and social structures emerged. The Church was a powerful force in the Middle Ages, and it played a major role in shaping European society.
Question 21.
Who was Ibn Sina? [1]
(A) An Arab physician and philosopher of Bukhara in Central Asia
(B) An Italian philosopher from Spain
(C) An Arab philosopher from Spain
(D) None of the above
Answer:
Option (A) is correct
Explanation: Among the Muslim writers who were regarded as men of wisdom in the Italian world were Ibn Sina (‘Avicenna’ in Latin, 980-1037), an Arab physician and philosopher of Bukhara in Central Asia, and al-Razi (‘Rhazes’), author of a medical encyclopedia.
Section-B
Short answer Type Questions.
Question 22.
What was the system of writing in Mesopotamia? [3]
OR
The kingdom of Mari was not militarily strong, yet it was exceptionally prosperous. Discuss. [3]
Answer:
The signs used in Mesopotamian language were not vowels or consonants but syllables. The system of writing in Mesopotamia was known as cuneiform. Cuneiform is one of the earliest known writing systems in human history, and it was developed in ancient Mesopotamia, particularly in Sumer (southern Mesopotamia), around 3500-3200 BCE.
Cuneiform was written on clay tablets using wedge-shaped marks made by a stylus. It was initially used for accounting and record-keeping purposes but Later evolved to encompass a wide range of subjects, including literature, law, religion,
and science. This writing system played a crucial role in documenting and preserving the history and culture of Mesopotamia and the civilisations that thrived in the region, such as the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians.
OR
After 2000 BCE the capital of Mari flourished and was exceptionally prosperous. The main reasons were:
- The southern plain, where it was situated, was agriculturally highly productive.
- Animal rearing was another profitable occupation.
- It occupied an advantageous position on the Euphrates as it profited from trade both upstream and downstream between Turkey, Syria, and Lebanon. Clay tablets refer to the exchange of agricultural produce for metals like tin which is essential to make bronze. Therefore, the exchange was of great importance and a source of prosperity for Mari.
Question 23.
The city of Rome revived in a spectacular way in 15th century -Discuss. [3]
Answer:
The city of Rome did indeed revive in a spectacular way in the 15th century. This period, known as the Roman Renaissance, was a time of great cultural and artistic innovation, and Rome became the center of the Renaissance world.
There were a number of factors that contributed to the revival of Rome in the 15th century. One was the return of the papacy to Rome in 1420, after a long period of exile in Avignon. This brought a new influx of wealth and power to the city, and the popes were major patrons of the arts.
Another factor was the rediscovery of ancient Rome. In the early 15th century, scholars began to study the ruins of ancient Rome and to excavate them. This led to a renewed interest in classical art and architecture, which had a profound impact on the Renaissance artists.
Finally, the city of Rome itself was a major inspiration for the Renaissance artists. Its ancient ruins, its magnificent churches and palaces, and its vibrant culture all provided a rich source of inspiration.
The Roman Renaissance produced some of the greatest artists of all time, including Michelangelo, Raphael, and Leonardo da Vinci. These artists created works of art that are still admired today, and they helped to shape the course of Western art.
Question 24.
What do you understand by the term Feudalism? [3]
Answer:
The term Feudalism is derived from the term
‘Feud’, which means a piece of land. In this system the land was the source of power, it refers to the socio-economic, political, and legal relationships that developed in Medieval France, England, and Southern Italy. In the economic sphere, feudalism refers to agricultural production based on relationship between lord and the peasants.
The peasants cultivated their own land and that of the lords. The peasants performed labour services for lords in return for military protection. The lord had judicial control over the peasants; he held his own court of justice and could even coin his own money.
Question 25.
Industrial Revolution occurred in two phases. Give two differences that marked these phases. [3]
Answer:
The first phase of Industrial Revolution is taken during 1780s and the other during 1850s. The difference between the two is:
In the first phase, Britain was the first country to experience modern industrialisation. The far reaching changes were in cotton, iron and coal mining industries. The use of steam power led to faster means of transportation by ships and railways.
In the second phase Britain fell behind and lost its position as the world’s leading industrial power. It was overtaken by Germany and the USA. In this phase, new areas like the chemical and electrical industries expanded.
Question 26.
How did Industrialisation give birth to Imperialism? [3]
Answer:
The two important requirements of Industrialisation are; Constant supply of raw materials and Markets for the finished goods. To fulfill these two conditions, the industrialised countries like Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Russia and Japan made a scramble for colonies in Asia, Africa and Latin America.
These colonies served both their purposes i.e., suppliers of raw materials and easy markets for their finished goods. Thus, Industrialisation gave birth to Imperialism. Moreover, availability of cheap labour in these colonised nations made it possible for imperialism to grow further.
Question 27.
What were the effects of Japanese defeat in World War II? [3]
OR
What did the natives and the Europeans think of the goods they exchanged? What was the reaction of the natives? [3]
Answer:
The effects of Japanese defeat in World War II were:
- Japan’s attempt to become a colonial power ended.
- Japan was demilitarised and new constitution was introduced. A no-war clause was introduced as an instrument of state policy.
- Agrarian reforms were carried out and trade unions were re-established.
- The Zaibatsu or the large monopolistic business houses were dismantled.
- Political parties were revived and the first post-war elections were held in 1946 in which women voted for the first time.
- The social cohesion was strengthened, allowing for a close working of the government, bureaucracy, and industry.
OR
The natives and the Europeans had different views on the goods they exchanged. The natives saw the goods they exchanged with the Europeans as gifts, given in friendship. They did not have a concept of trade or commerce, and they saw the exchange of goods as a way to cernent relationships and build goodwill.
They were also willing to trade goods that were considered sacred or important to them, such as tobacco, because they did not understand the European concept of private property. The Europeans saw the goods they exchanged with the natives as commodities, which could be bought and sold for a profit. They were interested in acquiring furs, timber, and other natural
resources from the Americas, and they were willing to trade manufactured goods, such as guns, alcohol, and metal tools, in exchange. The Europeans also had a different understanding of the value of goods, and they often undervalued the goods that the natives offered in trade.
Section-C
Long Answer Type Questions.
Question 28.
Discuss about the internai strain in and century in Roman Empire. [8]
OR
Discuss about the administrative structure of the Roman Empire. [8]
Answer:
The 3rd century was a period of great turmoil for the Roman Empire. The empire was facing a number of internal challenges, including: Invasions from barbarian tribes: In the early century, the Roman Empire was invaded by a number of barbarian tribes, including the Goths, the Franks, and the Alemanni. These tribes were able to penetrate deep into Roman territory, and they caused widespread damage and disruption.
Civil wars: The 3 century was also marked by a number of civil wars. There were over 50 claimants to the throne during this period, and many of these claimants fought each other in bloody battles. This constant instability weakened the empire and made it more vulnerable to attack.
Economic problems: The Roman economy was also in decline during the 3 century. There was a shortage of coinage, and inflation was rampant. This made it difficult for the government to pay its soldiers and officials, and it also led to widespread poverty.
Plague: The Plague of Cyprian, a major outbreak of bubonic plague, struck the Roman Empire in the mid-3d century. The plague killed millions of people and caused widespread social disruption.
These internal challenges weakened the Roman Empire and made it more vulnerable to collapse. The empire eventually recovered from this crisis, but it never regained its former strength.
OR
The Roman Empire was a vast empire which needs to be properly administered.
- The territories of the Empire was organised into a provinces. These provinces were subject to the taxation.
- During the peak of the rule of the Empire, it extended its control from the lands of Scotland to the borders of Armenia and from the desert of the Sahara to the river Euphrates.
- Some of the cities became the bedrock of the administration of the Roman provinces. Cities like Carthage, Alexandria, and Antiochus were important urban centers. These cities allowed the Roman government to collect taxes from the countryside. The Roman government gave the responsibility to collect the taxes to the local upper classes.
- The local upper classes of the provinces soon became very powerful and they used to decide the people who will administer the provinces and commanded the armies.
- These upper classes became the new elite section of administrators and military commanders and much more powerful than the people in the Roman Senate.
Question 29.
Describe the conditions of Japan before the Meiji Restoration. [8]
OR
Discuss some characteristics of the natives of America. [8]
Answer:
Political condition: Japan was ruled by an emperor from Kyoto while the actual powers were in the hands of the Shoguns. From 1603 to 1867, the members of the Tokugawa family held the position of the Shogun, the country was divided into 250 domains each ruled by a daimyo. The Daimyos was given a large degree of autonomy and was ordered to live in the capitals of their domains.
Social condition: Edo was the most populated city in the world by the mid-17th century. Osaka and Kyoto were the other large cities in Japan. There were about half a dozen castle towns with population over 50,000. A person’s merit was valued more than his status. A vibrant culture grew around the towns. Habit of reading increased among the people and many writers could earn their living solely by writing.
OR
The earliest inhabitants of North America are said to have come from Asia over 30,000 years ago through a land bridge across the Bering Straits. During the last Ice Age, 10,000 years ago, they moved further South, as is evidenced by the oldest artifact found here.
Only after the climate became stable 5000 years ago, the population started to increase. These people lived in bands in villages along the river valleys, ate fish, and cultivated vegetables and maize. They searched for meat, chiefly of the bison that roamed the grasslands. However, they killed only as many animals as they needed for food.
They practiced subsistence-level agriculture and did not produce surplus. There were some instances of quarrels between tribes over territory but by and large they were content with food and shelter they got from the land and did not feel the need to own it.
An important feature of their tradition was of making formal alliances friendships and exchange of gifts. They exchanged ‘wampum belts’ after the treaty was agreed to. They did not believe in commodifying goods but obtained them as ‘gifts’. They spoke numerous languages but these were not written down. They believed time moved in cycles and each tribe had accounts about their origins which were passed from one generation to another by word of mouth.
They could understand the climatic changes and different landscapes. They were extremely superstitious but simple people, who loved and lived close to nature. E.g. when the Europeans slaughtered hundreds of beavers for fur, the natives were not only puzzled by their greed but feared the animals would take revenge on them for their destruction.
Question 30.
An important part of the Meiji reforms was the modernising of the economy, comment. [8]
OR
Describe the military and the economic reforms introduced under the Meiji. [8]
Answer:
A major aspect observed in Meiji Reform was the modernising the economy of Japan. The first major reformative measure undertaken by the Meiji government was levying agricultural taxes. In between 1870-72, Japan witnessed her first railway
track from Tokyo to the port of Yokohama. To train the workers in Japan the government employed foreign technicians and imported textile machineries from Europe.
They also brought foreign teachers to teach in schools and universities in Japan and also students from Japan were also sent abroad to enhance their skills and knowledge. Modern banking institutions emerged after 1872 and companies like Mitsubishi and Sumitomo helped in Japanese trade which was carried by the Japanese’s own ships. The large business organization like zaibatsu controlled the economy of Japan till Second World War.
To control the emerging population the Meiji government began to migrate the people northern island of Hokkaido and then to Hawaii and Brazil. These populations were even shifted to the colonial empire of Japan. Industries developed and it brought massive surge in population and growth of towns.
Military: An army based on the European model was established. Military service declared universal and obligatory, soldiers were recruited at the age of twenty. They served for three years in the active army and four years in the reserve. A national army
thus came into existence. European officers were called to train them. In addition, dockyards and arsenals were constructed. Military was put under the direct command of the emperor.
Economic: The first railway line was built in 1870-72 between Tokyo and Yokohama. Textile machinery was imported from Europe and foreign technicians were employed to train the workers. Japanese students were sent abroad to study. In 1872 modem
banking institutions were established. Companies like Mitsubishi and Sumitomo were given subsidies and tax benefits to become major ship-builders so that the Japanese trade was from now on carried in Japanese ships.
Section-D
Source-based Questions.
Question 31.
Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions.
Today, Mesopotamian excavators have much higher standards of accuracy and care in recording than in the old days, so that few dig huge areas the way Ur was excavated. Moreover, few archaeologists have the funds to employ large teams of excavators. Thus, the mode of obtaining data has changed. Take the small town at Abu Salabikh, about 10 hectares in area in 250() BCE with a population less than 10,000. The outlines of walls were at first traced by scraping surfaces. This involves scraping off the top few millimeters of the mound with the sharp and wide end of a shovel or other tool. While the soil underneath was still slightly moist, the archaeologist could make out different colours, textures, and lines of brick walls or pits or other features.
A few houses that were discovered were excavated. The archaeologists also sieved through tons of earth to recover plant and animal remains, and in the process identified many species of plants and animals and found large quantities of charred fish bones that had been swept out on to the streets Plant seeds and fibre remained after dung cakes had been burned as fuel and thus kitchens were identified. Living rooms were those with fewer traces.
Because they found the teeth of very young pigs on the streets, archaeologists concluded that pigs must have roamed freely here as in any other Mesopotamian town. In fact, one house burial contained some pig bones the dead person must have been given some pork for his nourishment in the afterlife The archaeologists also made microscopic studies of room floors to decide which rooms in a house were roofed (with poplar logs, palm leaves, straw, etc.) and which were open to the sky.
1. Mention some of the findings of the archaeologist from Mesopotamia. [2]
2. Write some of the features of Abu Salabikh. [1]
3. Where was Abu Salabikh situated? [1]
Answer:
1. Archaeologists found plant and animal remains, and in the process identified many species of plants and animals and found large quantities of charred fish bones that had been swept out on to the streets.
2. Abu Salabikh was a small town, about 10 hectares in area in 2500 BCE with a population less than 10,000. The outlines of walls were at first traced by scraping surfaces.
3. Abu Salabikh was situated in Mesopotamia. It was an ancient Sumerian city in Iraq that dates back to the mid third millennium BC.
Question 32.
Read the passage and answer the following questions
Expansion in agriculture was accompanied by growth in three related areas: population, trade and towns. From roughly 42 million in 1000, Europe’s population stood at 62 million around 1200 and 73 million in 1300. Better food meant a longer lifespan. By the thirteenth century, an average European could expect to live 10 years longer than in the eighth century. Women and girls had shorter lifespans compared to men because the latter ate better food. The towns of the Roman Empire had become deserted and ruined after its fall.
But from the eleventh century, as agriculture increased and became able to sustain higher levels of population, towns began to grow again. Peasants who had surplus grain to sell needed a place where they could set up a selling center and where they could buy tools and cloth. This led to the growth of periodic fairs and small marketing centres which gradually developed town-like features – a town square, a church, roads where merchants built shops and homes, an office where those who governed the town could meet. In other places, towns grew around large castles, bishops’ estates, or large churches.
1. Why the life span of the women were shorter than men in Europe? [1]
2. Write the three factors that emerged with agricultural expansion. [2]
3. What was the overall lifespan of the Europeans. [1]
Answer:
1. Women and girls had shorter lifespans compared to men because the latter ate better food.
2. The three other factors that emerged with agricultural expansion are:
Population growth: As agriculture became more productive, it was able to support a larger population.
Trade: The growth of agriculture also led to an increase in trade. Farmers needed to sell their surplus crops, and merchants needed to find new markets for their goods.
Towns: The growth of trade led to the growth of towns. Towns were centers of commerce and industry, and they attracted people from all over Europe.
3. The overall lifespan of Europeans in the Middle Ages was about 35 years. Europeans have longer life span that is 10 years longer than the usual.
Question 33.
Read the following passage carefully and answer the following questions
From the fourteenth to the end of the seventeenth century, towns were growing in many countries of Europe. A distinct ‘urban culture’ also developed. Townspeople began to think of themselves as more ‘civilized’ than rural people. Towns – particularly Florence, Venice, and Rome – became centres of art and learning. Artists and writers were patronized by the rich and the aristocratic. The invention of printing at the same time made books and prints available to many people, including those living in distant towns or countries. A sense of history also developed in Europe, and people contrasted their ‘modern’ world with the ‘ancient’ one of the Greeks and Romans. Religion came to be seen as something which each individual should choose for himself. The church’s earth-centric belief was overturned by scientists who began to understand the solar system, and new geographical knowledge overturned the Europocentric view that the Mediterranean Sea was the center of the world.
1. What was the view of the Europeans about the world? [1]
2. Name the center of learning art in Europe. [2]
3. Define the changing culture in Europe. [1]
Answer:
1. Earlier the Europeans thought world revolved around the Mediterranean region. The Europeans in the 14th to 17th centuries began to see the world in a new way. They began to believe that the Mediterranean Sea was not the center of the world, and that there were other cultures and civilizations just as advanced as their own.
2. Towns – particularly Florence, Venice, and Rome became centers of art and learning.
3. The invention of printing at the same time made books and prints available to many people, including those living in distant towns or countries. A sense of history also developed in Europe, and people contrasted their ‘modem’ world with the ‘ancient’ one of the Greeks and Romans. Religion came to be seen as something which each individual should choose for himself.
Section-E
Map-based Questions.
Question 34.1.
On the political map of Europe located the important center of art and learning in Renaissance period. [3]
(a) Florence
(b) Genoa
(c) Rome
Answer:
Question 34.2.
Write the name of the water bodies located as ‘A’ & B. [2]
Answer:
