Students can access the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Psychology with Solutions and marking scheme Set 10 will help students in understanding the difficulty level of the exam.
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Psychology Set 10 with Solutions
Time Allowed: 3 hours
Maximum Marks: 70
General Instructions:
- All questions are compulsory except where internal choice has been given.
- Question Nos. 1 -15 in Section A carry 1 mark each. You are expected to answer them as directed.
- Question Nos. 16-21 in Section B are very short answer type-I questions carrying 2 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 30 words.
- Question Nos. 22-24 in Section C are short answer type-II questions carrying 3 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 60 words.
- Question Nos. 25 – 28 in Section D are long answer type questions carrying 4 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 120 words.
- Question Nos. 29-30 in Section E are long answer type questions carrying 6 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 200 words.
- Question Nos. 31 – 34 in Section F are based on two cases given. Answer to each one-mark question should not exceed 20 words. Answer to each two-mark question should not exceed 30 words.
Section-A
Question 1.
Find out the IQ of a 14-year-old child with a mental age of 16. [1]
(A) 114
(B) 96
(C) 110
(D) 16
Answer:
(A) 114
Explanation:
Given a 14-year-old child has a mental age of 16. So we need to find out the IQ or intelligence quotient of the child.
So according to the formula we have
Mental age MA = (IQ x CA)/100
16 = (IQ x 14)/100
14 IQ = 1600
Or IQ = 1600/14
Or IQ = 114.28
The child’s IQ will be 16/14 x 100 = 114.2
Question 2.
Choose the correct match for each behaviour with the aspects related to structure of personality: [1]
(I) grabbing the candy and eating it immediately (i) reality principle
(II) asking for permission to eat the candy (ii) moral principle
(III) eating the candy is ethically right (iii) pleasure principle
(A) I-i, II-ii, m-iii
(B) I-iii, II-i, m-ii
(C) I-iii,n-ii,m-i
(D) I-ii, II-i, m-iii
Answer:
(B) I-iii, II-i, m-ii
Explanation:
Pleasure principle is grabbing the candy and eating it immediately, moral principle is eating the candy is ethically right and reality principle is asking for permission to eat the candy.
Question 3.
Which of the following is true of depression? [1]
(A) It affects men more frequently than women.
(B) It is caused by low activity of serotonin .
(C) It is a component of Dissociative Identity Disorder.
(D) It is more prevalent among the wealthy than the poor.
Answer:
(C) It is a component of Dissociative Identity Disorder.
Explanation:
Serotonin affects every aspect of the body, from emotions to motor functions. It aids with sleeping, healing, and digestion. Serotonin is also regarded to be a natural mood stabilizer. Serotonin also has a role control worry and enjoying the pleasure, heal wounds it also causes nausea.
Question 4.
……………… is a state in which people have reached their own fullest potential. [1]
(A) Self-esteem
(B) Self-realisation
(C) Self-actualisation
(D) Self-efficacy
Answer:
(C) Self-actualisation
Explanation:
In Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, self-actualization is the last stage of growth. This stage happens when a person is able to fully utilize their skills while remaining cognizant of their limits.
Question 5.
……………….. is exceptional general ability shown in superior performance in a wide variety of areas. [1]
(A) Average
(B) Giftedness
(C) Superior
(D) High Average
Answer:
(B) Giftedness
Explanation:
When compared to other kids their age, experience, or environment, gifted kids are those that have an advanced skill or potential in one or more particular areas.
Question 6.
In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of reason (R). Mark the correct choice:
Assertion (A): The principle of reciprocal inhibition states that the presence of two mutually opposing at the same time will lead to the stronger force inhibiting the weaker one.
Reason (R): The principle of reciprocal inhibition is a procedure wherein the client learns to behave in a certain way by observing the behaviour of the therapist. [1]
(A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(C) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(D) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true
Answer:
(C) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
Explanation:
Assertion is true but reason is false
Question 7.
While paying bills, Sanjana was suddenly overwhelmed by anxiety. Her heart pounded, she felt like she could not breathe, and she became dizzy. This was most likely to be ……………… [1]
(A) A panic attack
(B) A dissociative episode
(C) A manic episode
(D) A generalised anxiety episode
Answer:
(A) A panic attack
Explanation:
A panic attack is a rapid bout of extreme dread that results in significant bodily symptoms even when there is no immediate risk or obvious reason for them. Anxiety episodes may be terrifying.
Question 8.
The client-centered therapy was given by …………….. [1]
(A) Albert Ellis
(B) Frederick Peris
(C) Sigmund Freud
(D) Carl Rogers
Answer:
(D) Carl Rogers
Explanation:
Carl Rogers developed client-centred therapy in the 1940s; it is often referred to as personcentred therapy. It was a significant shift from thencurrent standard psychoanalytic treatments.
Question 9.
When the information presented first has a stronger effect than the information presented at the end, it is called …………. [1]
(A) Halo effect
(B) Primacy effect
(C) Recency effect
(D) Secondary effect
Answer:
(B) Primacy effect
Explanation:
The primacy effect, put simply, is the propensity to remember data provided at the beginning of a list better than data in the middle or end.
Question 10.
When Mumbai was flooded, the community stepped forward to help the effected people with food, water and shelter. This is an instance of [1]
(A) Pro-Sodal Behaviour
(B) Diffusion of Responsibility
(C) Social Facilitation
(D) Social Cognition
Answer:
(A) Pro-Sodal Behaviour
Explanation:
Prosocial conduct is defined as a voluntary activity meant to help another (Eisenberg et al., 2006). It is distinguished by acts of kindness, compassion, and helpful actions, which many see as among the best traits of human nature.
Question 11.
The two-step concept was proposed by …………… an Indian psychologist [1]
(A) Sigmund Freud
(B) Carl Roger
(C) Jean Piaget
(D) S. M. Mohsin
Answer:
(D) S. M. Mohsin
Explanation:
S. M. Mohsin, an Indian psychologist, established the 2-step idea of attitude transformation.
Step 1: The target alters his attitude by associating with the source.
Step 2: The source changes his or her attitude toward the attitude object.
Question 12.
Tarun’s group has won the elections from his constituency. His opponents, Ramesh and his group, are weak and too small in number. Tarun often expresses frustration and negative attitude towards Ramesh’s group. This is known as ………… [1]
(A) Scapegoating
(B) Learning
(C) Stereotype
(D) Ingroup Bias
Answer:
(A) Scapegoating
Explanation:
The process of directing one’s rage, frustration, and aggression at others and blaming them for one’s problems and misfortunes
Question 13.
How many personality types are mentioned by Sheldon? [1]
(A) Four
(B) Two
(C) Three
(D) Five
Answer:
(C) Three
Explanation:
Sheldon classified personality into somatotypes based on the physical constitution. Endomorphic, ectomorphic, and mesomorphic are the three kinds.
Question 14.
Mir had no recollection of the bicycle he received as a gift on his tenth birthday. But when Nita reminded him about the same, he was able to recall it. This is because memories of his birthday were lying in the …………. level. [1]
(A) Unconscious
(B) Preconscious
(C) Conscious
(D) Superconsdous
Answer:
(B) Preconscious
Explanation:
Parts of the brain that are easily available to the consciousness but are not actively in use. Freud utilised this word to emphasise that the repressed is only a portion of the unconscious, not the entire unconscious, which means that the repressed does not include the entire unconscious.
Question 15.
Neha, a 17-year old girl, has been bringing on large quantity of food, 1 more than what most people of her age would eat. She, then, engages in purging behaviour as often as 3 or 4 times a week. She feels, as if, she has no control over it. She is most likely to be suffering from: [1]
(A) Anorexia Nervosa
(B) Eating disorder not otherwise specified
(C) Binge Eating
(D) Bulimia Nervosa
Answer:
(D) Bulimia Nervosa
Explanation:
Bulimia nervosa, or bulimia, is a severe, sometimes fatal eating disorder. Bulimics may surreptitiously binge (consume excessive amounts of food while losing control) and then purge, attempting to get rid of the additional calories in an unhealthy way.
Section-B
Question 16.
What is Libido? [2]
Answer:
The term “libido” suggests the Id’s innate life energy. It functions on the basis of pleasure and pursues instant enjoyment. Dr Sigmund Freud developed the notion of libido. The source of energy, in his opinion, is the libido.
Question 17.
What is psychological assessment?
OR
What is contextual intelligence? [2]
Answer:
Psychological evaluation is the process of evaluating an individual’s mental health and behavioral functioning using standardized tests, observations, and other approaches. It is often performed by a mental health professional, such as a psychologist or psychiatric nurse practitioner, and is used to diagnose mental health disorders, select suitable treatment choices, and track treatment progress. [2]
Or
The capacity to respond to environmental pressures that we encounter on a daily basis is referred to as contextual intelligence, also known as practical intelligence. A crucial word or remark, a hand gesture, or a glance might all have distinct connotations depending on where you live and work.
Question 18.
Define Stress. Mention type of stress. [2]
Answer:
Stress is a series of reactions that an organism has to stimuli that upset its balance and go beyond what it can handle.Different Stresses Not all stress is bad for you or even negative. You could experience a variety of various sorts of stress, such as:
- Acute stress is an extremely brief-lived kind of stress.
- Persistent stress that feels unending and unavoidable is referred to as chronic stress.
- Acute stress episodes: Acute stress that appears to be episodically rampant and pervasive results in a life of constant anguish.
- Eustress: Eustress is enjoyable and thrilling.
Or
Eustress is one sort of pleasant stress. Eustress is stress that causes good responses. It is the inverse of distress and can relate to any kind of good stress, physical or psychological. It is short-term and exciting. Frequently experiencing eustress can be very beneficial for the mental health of an individual.
Question 19.
What is social facilitation? [2]
Answer:
One of the earliest social behavior findings was that performance on in particular activities is affected by the mere presence of others. We refer to this as social facilitation. Reena, for instance, is set to take part in a music competition. Despite her great skill, she is anxious about the occasion.
Question 20.
How is empathy different from sympathy? [2]
Answer:
The ability to feel compassion and empathy for another person’s suffering without being able to empathise with them is known as sympathy.
- On the other side, empathy is demonstrated when a person can identify with and relate to the suffering of another.
- It entails placing oneself in the other person’s shoes in order to grasp things from their point of view.
- The therapeutic connection is enriched by empathy, which turns it into a healing partnership.
Question 21.
What is group polarisation? [2]
Answer:
Group polarisation is the term for an attitude shift that occurs on an individual level as a result of group influence, and choice shift is the result of that attitude shift. A group grows stronger as a result of group talks. Group polarisation / refers to the strengthening of the group’s original stance as a result of group interaction and debate.
Section-C
Question 22.
Distinguish between simultaneous processing and successive processing with examples.
Answer:
| Simultaneous Processing | Successive Processing |
| Simultaneous processing is the ability to connect disparate ideas and bring them all together to create something significant | When you know all of the processes and needed knowledge sequentially, one leads to the memory of another. |
| Consider the Raven’s Progressive Matrices (RPM) Test, for instance, where the model is provided but a necessary component has been deleted. Select one of the six alternatives that best completes the design from the available possibilities. | A few examples of sequential processing are learning the alphabet, multiplication tables, and digits. |
Question 23.
Explain 16 PF as a self-report measure. [3]
OR
Analyse Alfred Adler’s approach to Personality.
Answer:
Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire
Psychologist Raymond Cattell reduced Allport’s list down to 171 qualities, largely by removing duplicate or rare phrases. He then utilised factor analysis, a statistical approach, to find features that are connected to one another. He was able to reduce his list to 16 major personality variables using this strategy.
- Cattell created this examination.
- The subject reacts to a particular circumstance by selecting from a list of provided options in the test’s declarative statements.
- It has been proven to be very helpful in career counselling, vocational exploration, and occupational assessment.
- The exam may be utilised with high school level children as well as with adults.
Or
Individual psychology is Alfred Adler’s theory.
- His fundamental premise is that human behavior is deliberate and goal-directed.
- Our personal goals are the wellspring of our inspiration. Goals that provide us with stability and assist us in overcoming emotions of inadequacy are essential in our personal growth.
- According to Adler, every individual suffers from early sentiments of inadequacy and guilt, i.e., an inferiority complex. Overcoming this problem is critical for good personality development.
Question 24.
How are extroverts different from introverts according to Jung? [3]
Answer:
By classifying people as introverts and extraverts, Jung has put forward yet another significant typology. Jung defined introverts as timid, preferring to spend their time alone, avoiding social situations, withholding their emotions while others are around, and preferring to be alone. On the other side, extraverts are friendly, outgoing, attracted to jobs that allow them to interact with people directly, and they tend to try to escape from stressful situations by engaging in social activities.
Section-D
Question 25.
Explain the following psychological attributes [4]
(i) Intelligence
(ii) Aptitude
Answer:
(i)Intelligence: When faced with obstacles, intelligence is the capacity to logically reason, comprehend the world, and employ the resources at hand. Tests of intelligence give a comprehensive assessment of a person’s general cognitive abilities, including their capacity to benefit from education. Students who score poorly on intelligence tests are typically less likely to perform well on school-related exams, but success in life is not only dependent on test results.
(ii) Aptitude: This concept relates to a person’s inherent capacity for learning new abilities. Using the right environment and instruction, aptitude tests can forecast what a person will be able to perform. High mechanical aptitude allows a person to succeed as an engineer with the right training.
Question 26.
A 28 year-old woman is a rising junior executive in her investment company. Her increasing duties require her to make periodic formal presentations to the senior management of the company. However, she becomes intensely anxious at the thought of speaking in public. When she is forced to give a presentation she begins to feel anxious days in advance of talk and the anxiety increases as the time for the talk approaches. She was concerned that her anxiety will become noticeable during the talk or that she will do something to embarrass herself.
Identify and describe the symptom and treatment of Social phobias. [4]
Answer:
Social phobia, also known as social anxiety disorder, is a widespread mental health disease. It is a form of anxiety condition. It causes worry and anxiety in certain or all social settings, because of fear of being judged or humiliated.
Symptoms
• When performing in front of others or in social situations, people with social anxiety disorder exhibit physical and emotional symptoms.
Physical Indicators And Symptoms:
• Rapid heartbeat or pounding
• Respiration difficulty
• Sweating
• Quakes or tremors
• Headaches
• Exhaustion and trouble sleeping
• Vomiting or diarrhea
• Recurring urination
Mental And Emotional Symptoms Include:
• American National Alliance on Mental Illness. disorders of anxiety.
• Having a sense of dread or anxiety
• Feeling anxious or jittery
• Restlessness
• Irritability
• Expecting the worst
• Looking out for danger signals
Treatment
Psychotherapy, sometimes known as “talk” therapy, medication, or a combination of the two are used to treat social phobia. Often, psychotherapy is initiated first, followed by medication if necessary. According to research, while medicine has a more immediate effect, the effects of treatment stay longer.
Question 27.
Raj would often be seen talking to himself. On questioning, he would state that there were people around him whom he could see and hear when there was no one else around. Identify and describe this symptom of schizophrenia. [4]
OR
Explain Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs model. Describe the five levels of this hierarchy and provide examples to explain each level.
Answer:
Raj has
- Positive symptom of schizophrenia.
- Hallucinations are perceptions that occur in the absence of external stimuli, positive symptoms of schizophrenia
- Auditory and visual hallucination
- Listing and description of other types of hallucinations
Question 28.
Raj and Raghu are exceptionally intelligent children of highly successful doctor parents. While Raj is their biological child, Raghu is an adopted one. How can you explain the similarities in their intelligence with their doctor parents? What type of test would you suggest to assess their intelligence? [4]
Answer:
- Intelligence is an interplay of nature and nurture.
- Influence of heredity explained through table with correlational values.
- Influence of environment explained to bring out how IQ moves closer to that of adoptive parents.
- Linking these concepts to Raj and Raghu.
- Any one type of intelligence test.
Section-E
Question 29.
Anshul feels that assertive and successful women might become too powerful and neglect their family responsibilities. Explain the factors that will help in changing Anshul’s attitude towards assertive and successful women.
OR
Explain briefly the factors that influence attitude change. [6]
Answer:
The following are the things that will aid in improving Anshu’s perspective regarding aggressive and successful women. Characteristics of the current attitude
- Positive attitudes are simpler to alter than negative attitudes. severe and core attitudes are more difficult to alter than less severe and peripheral attitudes. Simple attitudes are easier to alter than numerous ones.
- A congruent attitude shift is one that changes in the same direction as the existing attitude.
- An attitude shift, on the other hand, may be incongruent — that is, it may change in the opposite direction of the current attitude.
Source Characteristics:
- The trustworthiness and attractiveness of the source are two factors that influence attitude transformation.
- When a communication comes from a highly trustworthy source rather than a low-credible one, attitudes are more likely to alter. Adults, for example, who want to buy a laptop will listen to a computer engineer more than a school child.
Message Characteristics:
- The message is the information that is provided in attempt to affect people’s attitudes.
- Attitudes will shift when the quantity of knowledge provided regarding the issue is exactly right, neither too much nor too little.
- The message might be intellectual, For example, a pressure cooker advertisement states that using a pressure cooker saves fuel, which has a rational appeal, yet cooking in a pressure cooker preserves nutrition, which creates an emotional appeal.
- The reasons elicited by the message also influence attitude transformation. Drinking milk, for example, may be considered to make a person healthier and more attractive, or more energetic and successful at work.
Target Characteristics:
- Target characteristics such as persuasion, strong biases, self-esteem, and intellect impact the probability and extent of attitude change.
- People with more open and adaptable personalities adapt more easily.
- People with strong preconceptions are less likely to alter their minds than people who do not have strong prejudices.
- People with poor self-esteem and insufficient confidence in themselves alter their attitudes more easily than those with great self-esteem.
Question 30.
Explain the characteristics of indirect techniques that are used to assess personality. Describe any two such tests. [6]
OR
Explain the concept of projective tests in psychology. With the help of an example of a projective test, such as the Rorschach Inkblot Test, discuss how it reveals an individual’s unconscious thoughts and emotions.
Answer:
People are given tasks to complete or are given stimuli to respond to in order to measure personality via indirect approaches. Since they do not explicitly inquire of people about their personality qualities, these strategies are known as indirect. Instead, they use the person’s reactions to tasks or other stimuli to infer personality qualities. Some traits of indirect approaches are as follows:
Indirect procedures do not directly measure personality qualities, thus people might not be aware they are being evaluated. This makes them less transparent.
They are less prejudiced since they don’t rely on selfreport, which might be swayed by social desirability bias or other causes.
They may disclose unconsciously held or implicit personality features. A person’s hidden or repressed personality qualities might be tapped into through indirect methods.
Indirect personality testing include these two instances:
- The Rorschach Inkblot Test asks participants to describe what they see after presenting them with a sequence of inkblots. The inkblot interpretation test is predicated on the idea that a person’s interpretation of the inkblots exposes their underlying personality qualities. The test is graded according to a variety of different criteria, such as the answers’ content, their style, and their general quality.
- The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) includes displaying participants a collection of images and asking them to narrate a tale about what is occurring in each one. On the premise that people’s tales reflect their fundamental personality qualities, the test is developed. The content of the stories, the themes that recur in several stories, and the general caliber of the replies are all taken into account when determining how well the exam is graded.
Although both of these assessments are often utilized in clinical and academic contexts, they have come under fire for being unreliable and ineffective. Nevertheless, they are still widely used because they can uncover hidden or implicit personality traits and provide information about a person’s personality that may not be revealed by other methods of evaluation.
Section-F
Read the case given below and answer the questions.
Mental health professionals have attempted to understand psychological disorders using different approaches through the ages. Today, we have sophisticated facilities and hospitals dedicated to the treatment of the mentally ill. While studying the history of psychological disorders it is interesting to note that some practices from ancient times are still in use. Take the case of Lakshmi and her daughter, Maya. Maya exhibits abnormal behaviours and Lakshmi believes that this is because of evil spirits that have possessed her. She has been taking her daughter to a self-proclaimed healer, who uses counter-magic and prayer to cure her. Stigma and lack of awareness prevents Lakshmi from using the modern facilities and hospitals that provide quality mental health care. On the other hand, when young Rita reported seeing people and hearing voices, mental health professionals at a modern facility were able to understand her hallucinations using a convergence of three approaches. Psychologists use official manuals like the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders- 5th Edition (DSM-5) and International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) to indicate presence or absence of disorders. Today there is increased compassion for people who suffer from disorders and a lot of emphasis is placed on providing community care.
Question 31.
Identify the method used by the healer to cure Maya’s illness. How does this theory from ancient times explain Maya’s treatment? [2]
Answer:
Exorcism is a technique used to expel evil from a person by using prayer and countermagic.The existence of supernatural and magical powers like the Bhoot-Peret or Shaitan might be used to explain abnormal behavior
Question 32.
Which approach do you think would best explain Rita’s treatment? How do you think DSM-5 and ICD -10 help mental health professionals in indicating the presence or absence of disorders? [1]
Answer:
Taking a bio-psycho-social perspective, the interactional approach. The DSM-5/ICD-10 has criteria that may be used to determine if a condition is present or absent. For each disorder, there is a description of the primary clinical characteristics or symptoms as well as additional associated elements, such as diagnostic recommendations.
Read the case given below and answer the questions.
Elise is a 35 years old architect. She comes to you in great distress, feeling that she is unable to work, and generally unable to function. She says that she feels tried all the time, to the point of feeling completely exhausted. She says that she cries easily, and almost every day. She is having difficulty sleeping, and lost 20 pounds in last 2 months without trying. She says that things have been “real bad” for the last 2 months; she does not enjoy doing anything and thinks frequently of suicide. However, she also says that she has never been a very happy person. She says that things rarely go right for her, and she has given up on expecting good things to happen for her.
Question 33.
Based on the symptoms presented in Elise case and the four key criteria for determining whether behaviour is abnormal, would you say that Elise has a psychological disorder? Why or why not? [2]
Answer:
She may have a variety of disorders, including depression. She claims that she is constantly weary, which is one of the signs of depression.
Elise is exhibiting atypical behaviour by crying every day, feeling tired all the time, and losing 20 pounds in two months. Other behaviours she is displaying that appear to be atypical are her feelings of restlessness and irritability. Elise is acting irrationally by calling her husband or children very often and constantly worrying about them. Her behaviour is maladaptive in the way that she cannot work or function regularly. Her husband and children are likely very distressed by her behaviour which is a good indicator that she is unwell. It is likely that Elise has a psychological disorder.
Question 34.
If you answered yes, what disorder(s) (if any) should be considered? Explain why you chose this disorder. [1]
Answer:
She lost 20 pounds in the past 2 months. When you have depression you happen to lose appetite.She often thinks of suicide. The passage does not say if she thinks of other people commiting suicide or herself commiting suicide, but it may be saying that she’s thinking of herself commiting suicide therefore it can be characterized as depression.