Students rely on Class 9 English Extra Questions and Class 9 English Kaveri Chapter 3 Winds of Change Extra Questions and Answers to improve their grades.
Winds of Change Extra Question Answer
Winds of Change Class 9 Extra Question Answer
Winds of Change Short Question Answer
Question 1.
Explain the origin of the word ‘pankha’. How is its meaning different from the word ‘pankhi’ used in ancient India?
Answer:
The word ‘pankha’ originates from ‘pankh’, meaning the feather of a bird. While ‘pankha’ refers to all kinds of fans, ‘pankhi’ specifically denotes a small plumed fan used in ancient India, highlighting a historical distinction in usage.
Question 2.
What historical evidence shows that pankhi was used in ancient India, and how do art forms help prove its existence and importance?
Answer:
Evidence of pankhi in ancient India is found in Buddhist wall paintings at Ajanta, dating back to the 2.nd century CE. Additional representations appear in embroidery work, sculptures, and carvings, confirming their widespread presence and cultural importance.
Question 3.
How were pankhas used in religious and royal settings in ancient times?
Answer:
In ancient times, pankhas were used in temples to fan deities and in royal courts to fan kings. Their use in both sacred and royal spaces highlights their significance as objects of reverence, comfort and status.
Question 4.
How did pankhas become important cultural goods over time?
Answer:
Over time, pankhas were traded along established trade routes and became significant cultural goods. They were considered exotic and stylish, which increased their value and popularity beyond local use, making them objects of cultural exchange.
Question 5.
Explain why, even though pankhas were used widely across India, different villages and towns created their own unique varieties influenced by local geography, culture and traditional practices.
Answer:
Although pankhas were commonly used across India, different villages and towns developed unique varieties influenced by local geography, culture and traditions. This regional adaptation led to distinctive designs, materials and crafting techniques.
Question 6.
What materials were commonly used to make pankhas across regions?
Answer:
Pankhas were made using materials such as bamboo, cane, palm leaf, silk, leather, silver, brass, beads and stones. The choice of these materials depended on regional geography and local availability. It was also influenced by cultural practices, traditional rituals, climate, craftsmanship and the aesthetic preferences of different communities.
Question 7.
Describe how the use of pankhas has changed in modern times and explain how their role has shifted from everyday use to decorative and cultural purposes.
Answer:
In modern times, the use of pankhas has reduced due to technological advancements like electric fAnswer: Earlier used for everyday cooling in homes, temples, and royal courts, pankhas are now mainly decorative craft items.
They represent regional culture, traditional craftsmanship, and artistic heritage rather than serving practical cooling purposes in daily life.
Question 8.
Describe the appliqué hand fan of Rajasthan.
Answer:
The appliqué hand fan of Rajasthan is an antique pankha made by sewing fabric pieces of different shapes and patterns onto a base cloth.
Ornamental needlework enhances its decorative appeal and highlights the region’s skilled craftsmanship and artistic tradition passed down through generations.
Question 9.
Explain how the zardozi hand fan of Rajasthan is different from other types of fans, with special reference to its decorative style, materials used and cultural importance.
Answer:
The zardozi hand fan of Rajasthan is distinguished by its glittering, ornate gold threadwork. Unlike other fans, it uses encrusted decorative embroidery techniques. This makes it visually rich and culturally significant. It reflects royal taste, traditional artistry, and the region’s long-standing heritage of fine craftsmanship.
Question 10.
What are temple hand fans in Rajasthan and how are they used?
Answer:
Temple hand fans in Rajasthan are made by engraving brass and feature long handles. They are used in religious settings, mainly as offerings or ritual objects. These fans are closely associated with worship, ceremonies and long-standing temple traditions of the region.
Question 11.
Describe the special features of the painted hand fan of Rajasthan and explain its purpose and significance in religious practices.
Answer:
The painted hand fan is a cardboard pankha featuring various religious images. It is usually offered to gods. This shows its sacred significance and symbolic role, rather than being used for cooling or decorative purposes in everyday life traditional contexts.
Question 1.2.
How are pankhas of Gujarat unique in design and use?
Answer:
Gujarat’s pankhas are pure cotton-based fans embellished with mirror work. Beaded hand fans with silver handles are also common and are often used as wall decorations, reflecting Gujarat’s rich bead craft tradition.
Question 13.
Discuss the contribution of home-based women workers in Gujarat to the making of pankhas and explain how their work helps sustain the craft and support family livelihoods.
Answer:
Home-based women workers in Gujarat have contributed significantly to pankha-making. Through mirror work and cross-stitch embroidery, they produce fans in various shapes and sizes. This sustains the craft and supports household livelihoods across generations within local artisan communities today.
Question 14.
How are pankhas made and used in Bengal?
Answer:
In Bengal, artisans make delicate pankhas from the milky-white spongy centre of sola. Palm leaf fans, known as Tal Patar Pankha, are light and easy to carry. They are commonly kept as household possessions in Bengali homes for daily use and cultural tradition there.
Question 15.
Describe the distinctive features of pankhas found in Uttar Pradesh, Odisha, and Bihar, highlighting the materials used and the special qualities of these regional hand fAnswer:
Answer:
Uttar Pradesh’s Phadh fans are adorned with gold, silver zari, silk and satin. Odisha has large palm leaf fans used traditionally in everyday life. Bihar is known for colourful, sturdy bamboo fans recognised for their antiquity and rarity.
Question 16.
Examine the role of tribal communities in pankha-making by describing the materials, designs, and artistic features used in creating their handcrafted fAnswer:
Answer:
Tribal communities create their own versions of handheld fans using grass, metal, cane and palm leaves. They decorate them with geometrical patterns and striking colour combinations. These designs produce unique and beautifully crafted pankhas that reflect tribal identity and creativity and preserve artistic heritage.
Question 17.
Analyse the challenges faced by the traditional culture of pankhas in the present day, especially in the context of technological advancement and modern innovations.
Answer:
Technological advancement and modern innovations threaten the survival of pankhas by reducing their everyday use. As a result, they gradually lose their presence among Indians. This decline occurs despite their rich cultural and artistic value and importance in contemporary society.
Question 18.
Suggest effective measures that can help preserve the tradition of pankhas and explain how these efforts support artisans and ensure the survival of this handicraft.
Answer:
Preservation can be achieved by celebrating pankhas, appreciating their cultural stories and organising workshops. Such initiatives provide artisans with platforms to showcase their craft, spread awareness and build sustainable livelihoods. They also help revive interest and ensure the survival of this traditional handicraft nationwide.
Winds of Change Long Question Answer
Question 1.
Describe the role played by pankhas in ancient religious and royal life, explaining how their use in temples and royal courts highlights their social and cultural importance.
Answer:
In ancient India, pankhas played an important role in both religious and royal settings. They were used in temples to fan deities, symbolising respect, devotion and ritual purity.
At the same time, pankhas were used in royal courts to fan kings, reflecting comfort, status and authority. The size of pankhas varied greatly, ranging from small two-inch fans to large ones that required full arm strength to operate.
This variety shows that pankhas were designed for different purposes and contexts. Their presence in sacred and royal spaces highlights their significance as objects of service, honour, and cultural expression, deeply rooted in the social and ceremonial life of the time.
Question 2.
Explain how pankhas became important cultural goods through trade and regional adaptation.
Answer:
Over time, pankhas moved beyond local use and became significant cultural goods distributed through trade routes. They were considered exotic and stylish, increasing their popularity in different regions.
Although their basic function remained common across India, villages and towns developed their own varieties of pankhas. Local geography, cultural traditions, and rituals influenced the materials used and the designs created.
This process of regional adaptation resulted in a wide range of pankhas that were distinct yet connected. Through trade and local craftsmanship, pankhas became symbols of cultural exchange and regional identity, reflecting shared heritage while celebrating regional creativity and artistic skill.
Question 3.
Discuss the materials and designs used in making pankhas and their cultural significance.
Answer:
Pankhas were crafted using a variety of materials such as bamboo, cane, palm leaf, silk, leather, silver, brass, beads and stones. The choice of material depended on geographical conditions, cultural practices, and traditional rituals of a region. Designs often included intricate patterns that made each pankha unique.
In modern times, although pankhas are mainly decorative, their structure continues to reflect the cultural core of the region that produces them. The materials and designs used in pankhas thus serve as visual representations of regional traditions, skills and aesthetic values passed down through generations, preserving cultural identity and craftsmanship despite changing times.
Question 4.
Analyse the distinctive varieties of pankhas found in Rajasthan by discussing the different types, materials, decorative techniques, and their cultural or religious significance.
Answer:
Rajasthan is known for several distinctive varieties of pankhas that reflect its rich artistic traditions. The appliqué hand fan is made by sewing pieces of fabric in different shapes and patterns onto cloth using ornamental needlework. The zardozi hand fan is decorated with glittering, ornate gold threadwork, giving it a luxurious appearance.
Temple hand fans are engraved from brass and have long handles, while painted hand fans made of cardboard feature various images and are offered to gods. These varieties show Rajasthan’s mastery in decorative techniques and religious craftsmanship, highlighting the region’s deep connection with art, devotion and skilled traditional workmanship.
Question 5.
Analyse the regional variations of pankhas in Gujarat and Bengal by describing the materials used, decorative techniques followed, and the role these hand fans play in the everyday life and cultural traditions of the two regions.
Answer:
Gujarat has developed its own indigenous styles of pankhas, including pure cotton-based fans embellished with mirror work. Beaded hand fans with silver handles are also popular and are often used as wall decorations.
Gujarat’s home-based women workers play a significant role in producing embroidered fans with mirror work and cross-stitch embroidery.
In Bengal, artisans make delicate pankhas from the milky-white spongy centre of sola. Palm leaf fans, known as Tal Patar Pankha, are easy to carry and are commonly kept in Bengali households. These variations reflect regional resources and traditions, showcasing the diversity of local craftsmanship and everyday cultural practices across India.
Question 6.
Discuss the challenges faced by the pankha tradition today and measures for its preservation.
Answer:
With the arrival of technology and modern innovations, the traditional culture of pankhas is losing its place in everyday Indian life. Earlier made mainly for personal use, pankhas have now evolved into commercial craft products that support the livelihoods of many artisAnswer: While varied designs have led to a slight rise in demand, active preservation is still essential.
Celebrating pankhas and recognising the culture, stories and skills behind them helps renew interest in the craft. Organising pankha-making workshops and exhibitions spreads awareness and appreciation. Such efforts give artisans opportunities to showcase their talent, connect with wider audiences, regain popularity and develop sustainable livelihoods, ensuring that this traditional handicraft continues to survive and remain culturally relevant.
Question 7.
Analyse how both ‘Winds of Change’ and ‘How I Taught My Grandmother to Read’ convey the idea that learning and personal growth are possible at any stage of life, using suitable examples from each text.
Answer:
Both ‘Winds of Change’ and ‘How I Taught My Grandmother to Read’ highlight how learning, adaptation, and cultural preservation help individuals and communities respond to change. In ‘Winds of Change’, artisans continue the traditional craft of pankha-making, using materials like bamboo, cotton, sola and palm leaves, while also adapting designs to meet modern demand.
This helps preserve regional craftsmanship and supports artisans’ livelihoods. Similarly, in ‘How I Taught My Grandmother to Read’, Avva decides to learn reading despite her old age. With determination and the help of her granddaughter Sudha, she gains independence and confidence.
Both texts show that embracing education, tradition, and change together leads to personal growth and the preservation of cultural heritage, proving that learning can occur at any stage of life while still respecting traditional values.
Winds of Change Extract Based Questions and Answers
Extract 1
The word punkha or pankha originates from the word ‘pankh’, which means feather of a bird. Pankha is used to refer to all fans, whereas the word pankhi denotes a small plumed fan used in ancient India. Evidence of the existence and use of pankhi in India can be found in Buddhist wall paintings at Ajanta. These wall paintings date back to the 2nd century CE. Other representations of the punkha can be found in embroidery work, sculptures and carvings.
I. What does the reference to Buddhist wall paintings at Ajanta mainly convey about the pankhi?
(i) Its decorative appeal in ancient art.
(ii) Its historical authenticity and early usage.
(iii) Its exclusive use in religious rituals.
(iv) Its evolution into modern craft forms.
(v) Its association with royal patronage.
A i, iii, v
B Only ii
C ii and iv
D Only v
Answer:
B. Only ii
II. How does the extract establish the historical significance of pankhi in ancient India?
Answer:
The extract highlights the historical significance of pankhi by tracing its origins to ancient India. It provides evidence through Buddhist wall paintings at Ajanta dating back to the 2.nd century CE. It also mentions representations of pankhi in embroidery, sculptures and carvings.
III. Select the option that correctly completes the following. The term pankha is different from pankhi because pankha refers to
A. a ceremonial object used only in temples.
B. all types of fans, while pankhi denotes a small plumed fan used in ancient India.
Answer:
B. all types of fans, while pankhi denotes a small plumed fan used in ancient India.
IV. Mention two art forms, other than paintings, that show representations of the punkha.
Answer:
Two art forms, other than paintings, that show representations of the punkha are embroidery work and sculptures.
Extract 2
In ancient times, pankhas were used in temples to fan deities. They were also used in royal courts to fan kings. Pankhas varied in size from a tiny two inch one to large ones requiring a person’s full arm strength to move them. Over time, pankhas became significant cultural goods distributed through trade routes. They were considered exotic and stylish. Although there was substantial commonality in their use across India, different villages and towns developed their own varieties of traditional pankhas.
I. What does the variation in the size of pankhas mainly suggest?
(i) Their limited use in religious spaces.
(ii) Their adaptation to different social and functional needs.
(iii) Their decline in popularity over time.
(iv) Their uniform design across regions.
(v) Their symbolic use only by royalty.
A. i, iii, v
B. ii and iv
C. Only ii
D. Only v
Answer:
C. Only ii
II. Explain how pankhas reflected both religious and royal life in ancient India.
Answer:
The extract shows that pankhas were used in temples to fan deities and in royal courts to serve kings. This dual use highlights their importance in both religious practices and royal life in ancient India.
III. Select the option that correctly completes the following.
Pankhas became significant cultural goods because they were ________.
A. restricted to temples and royal courts only.
B. distributed through trade routes and considered exotic and stylish.
Answer:
B. distributed through trade routes and considered exotic and stylish
IV. Why did different villages and towns develop their own varieties of traditional pankhas?
Answer:
Different villages and towns developed their own varieties of pankhas as the craft was adapted to local traditions, culture and needs, resulting in different materials and designs.
Extract 3
Each place developed pankhas with distinct materials or a variety of intricate designs, that set them apart from one another. Bamboo, cane, palm leaf, silk, brass, leather, and silver pankhas, with decorative beads and stones were used depending on geographies, cultures and traditional rituals. In modern times, the use of pankhas has been restricted to decorative purposes, and they have become traditional craft items in India. The structure of each fan reflects the cultural core of the region that crafts it.
I. What does the variety of materials used in making pankhas mainly highlight?
(i) Uniformity in craft practices across India.
(ii) Influence of geography, culture and rituals on design
(iii) Dependence on imported raw materials.
(iv) The decorative use of pankhas in modern times.
(v) Loss of traditional knowledge.
A. Only ii
B. i, iii, v
C. ii and iv
D. Only v
Answer:
A Only ii
II. How does the extract show the relationship between pankhas and regional culture?
Answer:
The extract explains that different regions used materials like bamboo, cane, palm leaf, silk, leather, and silver based on local geography, culture and rituals. This shows that pankhas reflect the cultural identity of the regions where they are made.
III. Select the option that correctly completes the following. In modern times, pankhas are mainly used as
A. decorative traditional craft items in India
B. everyday utility objects in households
Answer:
A. decorative traditional craft items in India
IV. What determines the materials and designs used in pankhas across different regions?
Answer:
The materials and designs of pankhas depend on the geography, culture and traditional rituals of each region.
Extract 4
For instance, the appliqué hand fan of Rajasthan is an antique pankha made of pieces of fabric in different shapes and patterns sewn onto another cloth with the use of ornamental needlework. Furthermore, the zardozi hand fan of Rajasthan differs in its use of glittering ornate and encrusted gold threadwork. In Rajasthan, temple hand fans are popular too. These are made by engraving brass and have a long handle. The painted hand fan, a cardboard pankha featuring various images, is usually offered to gods.
I. What does the description of different hand fans of Rajasthan mainly emphasise?
(i) The exclusive use of fans in religious ceremonies.
(ii) The diversity of materials and decorative techniques.
(iii) The decline of traditional crafts in Rajasthan.
(iv) The commercial production of hand fAnswer:
(v) The uniform design of Rajasthani pankhas.
A. i, iii, v
B. Only v
C. ii and iv
D. Only ii
Answer:
D. Only ii
II. Explain how different techniques are used to make various types of hand fans in Rajasthan.
Answer:
Different techniques are used to make hand fans in Rajasthan. Appliqué fans are stitched with fabric pieces using needlework, zardozi fans use gold thread embroidery, temple fans are engraved from brass, and painted fans are made of cardboard with images.
III. Select the option that correctly completes the following.
The zardozi hand fan of Rajasthan is distinct because it
A. is made of cardboard and offered to gods
B. uses glittering ornate and encrusted gold threadwork
Answer:
B. uses glittering ornate and encrusted gold threadwork
IV. Which type of hand fan is usually offered to gods in Rajasthan?
Answer:
The painted hand fan, which is a cardboard pankha featuring various images, is usually offered to gods in Rajasthan.
Extract 5
Gujarat’s industrious home-based women workers have worked tirelessly in the handicraft of pankha-making to produce embroidered hand fans with traditional mirror work and cross-stitch embroidery in different shapes and sizes. Artisans in Bengal make delicate pankhas from the beautiful milky-white spongy centre of the sola. The palm leaf hand fans are locally referred to as Tal Patar Pankha. They are easy to carry and are perpetually kept as an article of possession in Bengali households.
I. How does the extract highlight the role of regional artisans in preserving the tradition of pankha-making?
Answer:
The extract shows that home-based women workers in Gujarat and artisans in Bengal actively preserve pankha-making through embroidery, mirror work, and the use of sola and palm leaves, ensuring the continuation of this traditional handicraft across regions.
II. Which of the following statements best explains the significance of Tal Patar Pankha in Bengali households?
A. They are easy to carry and are perpetually kept as an article of possession in households.
B. They are expensive decorative items used only during festivals.
Answer:
A They are easy to carry and are perpetually kept as an article of possession in households.
III. Why are pankhas made from sola described as delicate?
Answer:
Pankhas made from sola are described as delicate because they are made from the milky-white spongy centre of the sola plant, which makes them light and fragile.
IV. Read the following material and technique words.
(i) mirror work
(ii) cross-stitch embroidery
(iii) sola
(iv) palm leaf
(v) embroidery
Select the option that correctly categorises (i)-(v) into materials and techniques.
| Options | Materials | Techniques |
| A | iii, iv | i, ii, v |
| B | i, v | ii, iii, iv |
| C | iii, v | i, ii, iv |
| D | ii, iv | i, iii, v |
Answer:
A
Extract 6
Many tribes in India have adopted this handicraft to make their own versions of the handheld fan. Materials such as grass and metal are embedded into the fans using bamboo sticks and grass. Cane and palm leaves are used, with silk and brass being reserved for antique pieces of these hand fAnswer: The use of geometrical patterns and the white ink and red background combinations have helped the tribes create multiple beautifully designed pankhas.
I. How does the extract show the creativity of tribal communities in making pankhas?
Answer:
The extract highlights tribal creativity through the use of varied materials such as grass, metal, cane, and palm leaves, along with distinctive geometrical patterns and colour combinations, enabling tribes to create multiple beautifully designed pankhas.
II. Which of the following statements best explains the use of materials in tribal pankhas?
A. Tribal pankhas use only silk and brass for everyday purposes.
B. Tribal pankhas use natural materials like grass, cane, and palm leaves, while silk and brass are reserved for antique pieces.
Answer:
B. Tribal pankhas use natural materials like grass, cane, and palm leaves, while silk and brass are reserved for antique pieces.
III. What role do geometrical patterns and colour combinations play in tribal pankhas?
Answer:
Geometrical patterns and colour combinations enhance the visual appeal of tribal pankhas and help create distinct and beautifully designed fans.
IV. Read the following materials and design elements.
(i) grass
(ii) metal
(iii) geometrical patterns
(iv) white ink
(v) red background
Select the option that correctly categorises (i).(v) into materials and design elements.
| Options | Materials | Design Elements |
| A | ii, v | i, iii, iv |
| B | iii, iv | i, ii, v |
| C | i, iii | ii, iv, v |
| D | i, ii | iii, iv, v |
Answer:
D
Extract 7
With time and the advent of technology and innovative creations, the beautiful culture of pankhas runs the risk of slowly losing its presence among IndiAnswer: Once made for personal use, over time this handicraft has transformed into a commercial business and now provides some form of livelihood to India’s artisAnswer: The slight increase in popularity and demand is significantly factored by the different versions of the pankha being crafted.
I. How does the extract describe the changing status of pankhas over time?
Answer:
The extract explains that pankhas, once made for personal use, now face decline due to technology. At the same time, they have transformed into a commercial craft, providing livelihood to artisans and gaining popularity through varied designs.
II. Which of the following statements best explains the present role of pankhas?
A. Pankhas have shifted from personal use to a commercial craft that supports artisans’ livelihoods.
B. Pankhas are no longer made and have completely disappeared from Indian culture.
Answer:
A. Pankhas have shifted from personal use to a commercial craft that supports artisans’ livelihoods.
III. What risk does modern technology pose to the culture of pankhas?
Answer:
Modern technology poses a risk to the culture of pankhas by reducing their everyday use and presence in the lives of people in India.
IV. Read the following words from the extract.
(i) technology
(ii) innovative creations
(iii) commercial business
(iv) livelihood
(v) popularity
Select the option that correctly categorises (i)-(v) into causes of change and outcomes of change.
| Options | Causes of Change | Outcomes of Change |
| A | i, v | ii, iii, iv |
| B | iii, iv | i, ii, v |
| C | i, ii | iii, iv, v |
| D | ii, iii | i, iv, v |
Answer:
C
Extract 8
One of the first steps to preserve the essence of the craft is by celebrating pankhas, and appreciating the culture, stories, and artistry that this handicraft invokes. This allows contemporary pankha makers to demonstrate their craft and regain its popularity. It also helps provide them with a commercial platform to create a sustainable livelihood. Initiatives such as pankha-making workshops, both within and outside the handicraft exhibitions help spread awareness about the beauty and importance of this craft in India’s culture.
I. How does celebrating pankhas help in preserving the craft and supporting artisans?
Answer:
Celebrating pankhas helps preserve the craft by appreciating its culture, stories and artistry. It gives contemporary makers a chance to showcase their skills, regain popularity, and access commercial platforms that support sustainable livelihoods.
II. Which of the following statements best explains the purpose of pankha-making workshops?
A. They focus only on selling pankhas as decorative items.
B. They help spread awareness about the beauty, importance and cultural value of pankhas.
Answer:
B. They help spread awareness about the beauty, importance and cultural value of pankhas.
III. What benefit do contemporary pankha makers gain by demonstrating their craft?
Answer:
By demonstrating their craft, contemporary pankha makers gain popularity and get opportunities to earn a sustainable livelihood.
IV. Read the following words from the extract.
(i) celebrating pankhas
(ii) appreciating culture and stories
(iii) commercial platform
(iv) sustainable livelihood
(v) pankha-making workshops
Select the option that correctly categorises (i)-(v) into preservation efforts and benefits to artisans.
| Options | Preservation Efforts | Benefits to Artisans |
| A | iii, iv | i, ii, v |
| B | i, ii, v | iii, iv |
| C | i, iii | ii, iv, v |
| D | ii, v | i, iii, iv |
Answer:
B
Extra Questions of Winds of Change for Practice
Extract-Based Questions
Read the following extract carefully and answer the questions that follow.
The adjoining state of Gujarat has its own indigenous take on pankhas. These hand fans are elegant pure cotton-based fans embellished with mirror work. The beads hand fan is covered with colourful beads and has a silver handle. Gujarat is the centre for bead craft in India and these dainty pankhas are commonly used as wall decorations. Kutch is recognised for its hand-stitched leather hand fans decorated with thread and wool at its seams.
I. How does the extract highlight Gujarat’s contribution to the tradition of pankha-making?
II. Which of the following statements best explains why Gujarat is an important centre for bead hand fans?
A. Gujarat produces bead hand fans mainly for ritual purposes.
B. Gujarat is the centre for bead craft, and its beaded pankhas are commonly used as wall decorations.
III. Why are Kutch hand fans considered distinctive?
IV. Read the following words from the extract.
(i) mirror work
(ii) colourful beads
(iii) silver handle
(iv) thread and wool
(v) leather
Select the option that correctly categorises the words into decorative features and base materials..
| Options | Decorative Features | Base Materials |
| A | i, ii, iii | iv, v |
| B | i, ii, iv | iii, v |
| C | ii, iii, iv | i, v |
| D | i, iii | ii, iv, v |
Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
Explain the reasons that made pankhas appear exotic and stylish in earlier times, with reference to their craftsmanship, materials and spread across regions.
Question 2.
Describe the variation in the size of pankhas and analyse what this variation reveals about their different uses in daily, religious and royal life.
Question 3.
Examine the role of trade routes in influencing the spread, popularity, and cultural value of pankhas across different regions of India.
Question 4.
How did pankhas shift from objects of personal use to sources of livelihood for artisans?
Question 5.
How has innovation contributed both positively and negatively to pankha culture?
Long Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
Analyse how pankhas reflect the everyday life and domestic culture of different regions of India, with suitable examples showing their materials, usage, and role in household life.
Question 2.
Examine the role of women artisans in sustaining the pankha-making tradition.
Question 3.
Analyse how pankhas have evolved from functional objects to symbols of craftsmanship and heritage.