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Importance and Applications of Coordination Complexes
The coordination complexes are of great importance. These compounds are present in many plants, animals and in minerals. Some Important applications of coordination complexes are described below.
1. Phthalo blue – a bright blue pigment is a complex of Copper (II) ion and it is used in printing ink and in the packaging industry.
2. Purification of Nickel by Mond’s process involves formation [Ni(CO)4], which Yields 99.5% pure Nickel on decomposition.
3. EDTA is used as a chelating ligand for the separation of lanthanides,in softning of hard water and also in removing lead poisoning.
4. Coordination complexes are used in the extraction of silver and gold from their ores by forming soluble cyano complex. These cyano complexes are reduced by zinc to yield metals. This process is called as Mac-Arthur-Forrest cyanide process.
5. Some metal ions are estimated more accurately by complex formation. For example, Ni2+ ions present in Nickel chloride solution is estimated accurately for forming an insoluble complex called [Ni(DMG)2].
6. Many of the complexes are used as catalysts in organic and inorganic reactions. For example,
- Wilkinson’s catalyst – [(PPh3)3RhCl] is used for hydrogenation of alkenes.
- Ziegler-Natta catalyst – [TiCl4] + Al(C2H5)3 is used in the polymerization of ethene.
7. In order to get a fine and uniform deposit of superior metals (Ag, Au, Pt etc.,) over base metals, Coordination complexes [Ag(CN)2]– and [Au(CN)2]– etc., are used in electrolytic bath.
8. Many complexes are used as medicines for the treatment of various diseases. For example,
- Ca-EDTA chelate, is used in the treatment of lead and radioactive poisoning. That is for removing lead and radioactive metal ions from the body.
- Cis-platin is used as an antitumor drug in cancer treatment.
9. In photography, when the developed film is washed with sodium thio sulphatesolution (hypo), the negative film gets filed. Undecomposed AgBr forms a soluble complex called sodiumdithiosulphatoargentate (I) which can be easily removed by washing the film with water.
AgBr + 2 Na2S2O3 → Na3[Ag(S2O3)2] + 2 NaBr
10. Many biological systems contain metal complexes. For example,
- A red blood corpuscles (RBC) is composed of heme group, which is Fe2+ – Porphyrin complex it plays an important role in carrying oxygen from lungs to tissues and carbon dioxide from tissues to lungs.
- Chlorophyll, a green pigment present in green plants and algae, is a coordination complex containing Mg2+ as central metal ion surrounded by a modified Porphyrin ligand called corrin ring.
- It plays an important role in photosynthesis, by which plants converts CO2 and water into carbohydrates and oxygen.
- Vitamin B12(cyanocobalamine) is the only vitamin consist of metal ion. it is a coordination complex in which the central metal ion is Co+ surrounded by Porphyrin like ligand.
- Many enzymes are known to be metal complexes, they regulate biological processes.
- For example, Carboxypeptidase is a protease enzyme that hydrolytic enzyme important in digestion, contains a zinc ion coordinated to the protein.