Class 9 Words and Expressions Solutions Unit 4
Words and Expressions Class 9 Unit 4 Solutions
Class 9 English Words and Expressions Solutions Unit 4
Question 1.
Look at the pictures and identify who they are. Write their names in the given spaces. The quotes against each picture may also help you recognise them.
Answer:
1. Rabindranath Tagore
2. Albert Einstein
3. Hellen Keller
4. Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose
Question 2.
How do the quotes reflect the beautiful mind of the personalities mentioned ? Discuss in pairs of four, jot down your points, and then present to the class.
Answer:
1. Happiness is the key to healthy life.
2. Positive attitude
3. Emotions are important
4. Seeing and Touching are less important than Feeling.
5. Important to share good thoughts with people.
6. Motivate people for good actions.
7. Leading a selfless life is the worthiest thing.
Reading Comprehension:
Text-I
Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow.
The World as I See It.
In my opinion, the present symptoms of decadence are explained by the fact that the de-velopment of industry and machinery has made the struggle for existence very much more severe, greatly to the detriment of the free development of the individual. But the development of machinery means that less and less work is needed from the individual for the satisfaction of the community’s needs. A planned division of labour is becoming more and more of a crying necessity and this division will lead to the material security of the individual.
This security and the spare time and energy which the individual will have at his command can be made to further his development. In this way the community may regain its health, and we will hope that future historians will explain the morbid symptoms of present-day society as the childhood ailments of an aspiring humanity, due entirely to the excessive speed at which civilisation was advancing. (An extract from The World As I See It by A. Einstein)
Question 1.
What is responsible for the present degradation of individual development?
Answer:
Development of industry and machinery is responsible for the present degradation of individual development.
Question 2.
What is the meaning of development in relation to individuals?
Answer:
Job security, spare time and energy lead to development of individuals.
Question 3.
What is the ‘planned division of labour’ ? How will it be helpful in human development?
Answer:
A planned divisi0n of labour means that planned transfer of work from labour to machines in a way that the individuals are not insecure for their job. It will be helpful in human development as it will provide spare time and energy for their development.
Question 4.
What does the phrase ‘symptoms of decadence’ mean in the opening line?
a) diagnosis of degradation
b) warning signs of depravity
e) signs of prosperity
d) diagnosis of indifference
Answer:
b) warning signs of depravity
Question 5.
The phrase ‘crying necessity’ in the opening par agraph means:
a) urgent need
b) weeping need
c) sad need
d) average need
Answer:
a) urgent need
Question 6.
Circle the odd one out
a) presence, distance, existence, being, alive
b) possible, feasible, probable, unthinkable, obtainable
c) violence, assault, roughness, passivity, fierceness
d) conflict, contest, contention, rivalry, accord
e) consolation, compassion, annoyance.
Answer:
a) distance
b) unthinkable
c) passivity
d) accord
e) annoyance
Text-II
Read the following text and answer the questions.
When Einstein wrote to Gandhi
In 1931, Albert Einstein wrote the following short letter of admiration to another of the world’s greatest minds, Mohandas Gandhi. Despite their intentions, the pair never met in person. Respected Mr. Gandhi,
I use the presehce of your friend in our home to send you these lines. You have shown through your words, that it is possible to succeed without violence even with those who have not discarded the method of violence. We may hope that your example will spread beyond the borders of the country, and will help to establish an international authority, respected by all, that will take decisions and replace war conflicts.
With sincere admiration
Yours
(Signed, ‘A. Einstein’)
I hope that I will be able to meet you face to face someday.
Gandhi’s response
LONDON,
October 18,1931
DEAR FRIEND,
I was delighted to have your beautiful letter sent through Sundaram. It is great consolation to me that the work I am doing finds favour in your sight. I do indeed wish that we could meet face to face and that too in India at my Ashram.
Yours Sincerely
(Signed, ‘M.K. Gandhi’)
(Source : Letters of Note, Volume 2, by Shaun Usher)
Question 1.
Albert Einstein admired M.K. Gandhi because: (tick (✓) the right answer]
a) Gandhi discarded the method of violence.
b) Gandhi showed that it is possible to succeed without violence with those who have discarded the method of violence.
c) Gandhi showed that it is possible to succeed without violence only with those who have discarded the method of violence.
d) Gandhi showed that it is possible to succeed without violence with all irrespective ofwhether they have continued or discarded the method of violence.
Answer:
d) Gandhi showed that it is possible to succeed without violence with all irrespective of whether they have continued or discarded the method of violence.
Question 2.
Where did Gandhi wish to meet Einstein? (tick (✔) the right answer)
a) at his residence in London
b) at his Ashram in India
c) at his Ashram in London
d) during his tour to London
Answer:
b) at his Ashram in India
Question 3.
Why does Einstein want Gandhi’s example to go beyond India?
Answer:
Einstein wanted Gandhi’s example to go beyond India as it will help in establishing an inter-national authority that will replace war conflicts with mutual harmonious decisions..
Question 4.
You have read the chapter and the exchange of letters between A. Einstein and M.K. Gandhi. What similarities do you find in the ideas of both the personalities?
Answer:
Some of the similarities are:
a) Both preferred non-violence to violence.
b) Both were keen to have an international authority respected by all.
c) Both appreciated the ideas of each other.
d) Both were keen to meet each other.
Question 5.
Find the opposites of the words given below from Einstein’s letter.
a) satisfied you
b) fail
c) peace
d) absence
e) enemy
Answer:
c) appreciated by you
Text – III
Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow.
If
If you can keep your head when all about you
Are losing theirs and blaming it on you;
If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you,
But make allowance for their doubting too;
If you can wait and not be tired by waiting,
Or, being lied about, don’t deal in lies,
Or, being hated, don’t give way to hating,
And yet don’t look too good, nor talk too wise;
If you can dream – and not make dreams your master;
If you can think – and not make thoughts your aim;
If you can meet with triumph and disaster .
And treat those two impostors just the same;
If you can bear to hear the truth you’ve spoken
Twisted by knaves to make a trap for fools,
Or watch the things you gave your life to broken,
And stoop and build ’em up with wornout tools;
If you can make one heap of all your winnings
And risk it on one turn of pitch-andftoss,
And lose, and start again at your beginnings
And never breathe a word about your loss;
If you can force your heart and nerve and sinew
To serve your turn long after they are gone,
And so hold on when there is nothing in you
Except the Will which says to them‘Holdon’;
If you can talk with crowds and keep your virtue,
Or walk with kings – nor lose the common touch;
If neither foes nor loving friends can hurt you;
If all men count with you, but none too much;
If you can fill the unforgiving minute
With sixty seconds’worth of distance run
Yours is the Earth and everything that’s in it,
And – which is more – you’ll be a Man, my son! – Rudyard Kipling
Question 1.
Which lines in the poem tell us to have self-control, a clear head and not to become bitter when people speak against us? Stanza
Answer:
The lines are :
If you can keep your head when all about you
Are losing theirs and blaming it on you;
Question 2.
One must be just as graceful in losing as he is in winning.
What are the two words in the poem that can replace the underlined ones? Stanza?
Answer:
losing – disaster winning – triumph
Question 3.
In the third stanza what does the poet mean by ‘And lose, and start again’?
Answer:
The poet means not to lose heart in case of failure but start the journey to success once again.
Question 4.
There is a necessity to treat all people equal and amidst people we should not lose our self ‘who we are’? How has the poet expressed this in the fourth stanza?
Answer:
The poet has expressed by quoting instances like:
- Talking with crowd but still retaining your quality
- Walk with kings as well as common man
- Do not feel hurt by friends or enemies
- Love all but no one more than the other
Question 5.
List two things from each stanza that we can do to make the Earth ours, as given in the poem.
Answer:
- Stanza I
- Trust yourself even when no one else does.
- Don’t hate others even if they hate you.
- Stanza II
- Deal with success as well as failure
- Dare to dream but not blinded by it
- Stanza III
- Not discouraged after losing everything and willing to start again.
- Develop will strength to hold on even when there is nothing to actually hold on to
- Stanza IV
- Walk with kings as well as common man
- Do not feel hurt by friends or enemies.
Vocabulary:
Question 1.
Read the paragraphs mentioned against each explanation and find out the words in that para-graph which best match the explanation given. Refer to the chapter ‘A Truly Beautiful Mind’ given in your textbook, Beehive.
a) A word used disapprovingly to talk about a person who is unusual and doesn’t behave like others. _____(paragraph 1)
b) Taking part in an activity for pleasure, not as a job._____ (paragraph 3)
c) Respecting and allowing many different types of beliefs or behaviour._____ (paragraph 5)
d) A person who is lacking in or hostile or smugly indifferent to cultural values, intellectual pursuits, etc. _____ (paragraph 7)
e) Relating to work that needs special training or education. (paragraph 8)
Answer:
a) freak
b) amateur
c) liberal
d) philistines
e) technical
Question 2.
Einstein was a world citizen. This means he does not belong to one country because his contributions to science and the. society have moved beyond the borders of his country. ‘World’ has different meanings in a variety of contexts.
Read the sentences given below and find out the meanings of ‘world’ in each sentence.
a) My mother means the world to me.
b) Vasco da Gama sailed round the world.
c) He is a big name in the world of fashion.
d)Stars from the sporting and artistic worlds participated in the function.
e) She is a simple person in real world as well as in the movies.
Answer:
a) everything
b) earth
c) industry
d) field
e) life
Grammar:
Participle Clause
You have read about and done exercises on participle clauses (Beehive, p. 52). We know that participle clause is a form of adverbial clause which enables us to say information in a more economical way. We can use participle clauses when the participle and verb in the main clause have the same subject.
Example: Waiting for John, I made some tea.
Question 1.
Choose the correct option for the sentences below.
a) Waiting for the doctor, _____ [a big noise scared everybody, Dave read a magazine, the alarm went off]
b) _____ in the jungle, George had to find the way out on his own. [having lost, lost, losing]
c) _____ our pottery will last for generations. [treating with care / you treat with care / treated with care]
d)_____ a holiday, all the banks were closed. [having bepn / been / being]
e)_____ for so long, he had lost all hope. [being unemployed / unemployed / having been unemployed]
Answer:
i) Dave read a magazine
ii) Having lost
iii) treating with care
iv) Being
v) Having been unemployed
Question 2.
Join the following sentences using a present participle as given in the example.
Example:
We walked along the footpath. We saw an accident. Walking along the footpath, we saw an accident.
(Note: Out of the two actions, the one which takes place first is changed into present participle).
a) He stood by the side of a temple. He asked the people to go in.
b) She came out of the room. She greeted the visitors.
c) He heard the news. He started crying.
d) He found the lock broken. He rang up the police.
e) He felt sleepy. He went to bed.
Answer:
a) Standing by the sides of a temple, he asked the people to go in.
b) Coming out of the room, she greeted the visitors.
c) Hearing the news, he started crying.
d) Upon finding the lock broken, he rang up the Police.
e) Feeling sleepy, he went to bed.
Editing:
There is an error in each line. Underline the incorrect word and write the correct word in the blank given. The first one has been done for you as an example.
I-entered the manager’s office and sat down, entered I have just lost five hundred rupees and I felt very upset, (a) _____ “I leave the money in my desk,” I said, (b) _____ do nothing, (c) _____ he said. He start to complain about this wicked world, (e)_____ by a knock at the door, (f)_____ .
| Incorrect | Correct |
| a) have | had |
| b) leave | left |
| c) but he can | but |
| d) theses | can |
| e) start | these |
| f) is | started |
Listening:
Listen to the story given below. The teacher or your classmate will read the story aloud. Listen to it carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
Gautama Buddha was journeying through the Kosala region. He was warned not to pass through the deep jungle, as it was the den of a famour robber chief, Angulimala. He was the terror of the whole countryside. He lived by plundering travellers and feared no one. He had committed many murders. All attempts to capture the inhuman Angulimala had failed. So he continued his crimes unpunished, the people of Kosala pleaded with the Buddha not to expose himself to the dangers of the robber’s territory. But Gautama Buddha knew no fear. The warnings of the people of Kosala did not affect him. He made his way into the jungle.
Angulimala got enraged at this boldness. He was determined to kill the intruder. But when he saw the Buddha, calm and self-possessed, and heard his words of kindness, the robber hesitated. His arm, which had been uplifted to kill, fell helpless by his side. His wrath cooled, and he knelt down before the Buddha. He confessed all his sins and declared his faith in the Buddha. When the people saw the new disciple following his Master, they were amazed and could not believe that this was’ the ferocious man who had been a terror for so long. Angulimala became a monk. His past. was forgotten, and he was widely respected for his holiness.
Question 1.
Why did the people of Kosala warn the Buddha not to go into the jungle?
Answer:
The people of Kosala warned Buddha not to go into the jungle because it was the den of a famous robber chief, Angulimala.
Question 2.
Why was Angulimala considered to be a terror?
Answer:
Angulimala was considered to be a terror because he robbed and killed many people.
Question 3.
What enraged Angulimala when he saw the Buddha?
Answer:
Buddha’s boldness enraged Angulimala when he looked at him.
Question 4.
Why did the robber hesitate to kill the Buddha?
Answer:
TherobberhesitatedtokilltheBuddhawhenthelatterremained calm and self-possessed.
Question 5.
What kipd of transformation took place in Angulimala?
Answer:
Angulimala’s raised hand fell down. His anger cooled and he knelt down before the Buddha.
Question 6.
Why did people start respecting Angulimala?
Answer:
The people started respecting Angulimala when they saw him following the Buddha. He had become a monk. People forgot his past.
Speaking:
Question 1.
A debate competition is being organised in your school. Take a stand for or against this state-ment : “Our happiness in life depends entirely on our mental attitude.” Prepare an outline of the main points in the order in which you wish to present them (in about 100 words), giving reasons for your point of view.
• Debate is a contest between two speakers or two groups of speakers to show skill and ability in arguing.
• A proposition, a question or a problem is required for this purpose, which can be spoken for or against.
• To participate in a debate, one must prepare for it. So, one must prepare an outline of the main points in the order in which one is going to argue.
• There are the limitations of time (only 5 to 6 minutes are allowed).
• The speaker addresses the audience.
• Every topic/subject has its own vocabulary. These must be learnt.
• The speaker addresses the Chair (Mr President/Madam), ‘submits’ an argument, ‘appeals’ for sympathetic understanding and support, ‘questions’ the opponent’s views and.’conpludes’ an argument.
Write the outline of the main points, then make a presentation in the class.
Answer:
Students can prepare either in favour or against the given topic.
Our happiness in life depends entirely on our mental attitude (Favour):
Good Morning Friends!
It is absolutely true that happiness depends upon our mental attitude. We are the creators of our own happiness or sorrows. We do it with the choices we make. Dale Carnegie, the famous American writer and speaker has beautifully said, ‘Happiness doesn’t depend on any external conditions, it is governed by our mental attitude.’ All great men and women have revealed to us the secrets to true happiness. They taught us that it has nothing to do with the material riches. They told us the perennial fountains of happiness lie in our own minds to be tapped by us.
Lincoln, Helen Keller, Einstein, Yogananda, and Khalil Gibran left in their wakes a trail of happiness following which anyone can have it. Happiness is the fruit of the trees of hard-work and sound character. The way to happiness is hard, narrow and full of obstacles. As a result, not many people get attracted to it. However, the way to sorrow is quite alluring and intriguing and finally ends up in hopelessness and depression.
If you want to be happy, give the world happiness. Do good deeds; forgivq the offences people do against you. And above all have faith in God’s goodness. Initially you will find it quite formidable; but carry on doing the good you can do in spite of all the odds against you! Finally,you will be crowned with the crown of happiness. You will find you are the creator of your own happiness.
Our happiness in life depends entirely on our mental attitude (Against)
Good Morning Friends!
I am very sure that each one of you want to achieve success in your life and if I ask you, what is more important for you ‘happiness’ or ‘success’; you would probably take seconds to choose ‘success’ as more important element of your life, which is good in a way. But happiness is something that can be achieved even without being successful.
There are some basic rules which you must adopt if you want to stay happy and enjoy each and every moment of your life. The first and the most important rule is to live in present. You might have failed in the past, but the best thing is to seek lesson from those and move forward in whatever might have happened in the past cannot be changed in the present; thus, there is no gain in lamenting over the past.
In addition, future is unseen; you cannot be certain about the circumstances that are likely to occur in the future. Thus, you shouldn’t make big plans about the future. Of course, you must be prepared for the circumstances but you cannot be ‘ certain about it. So trust me the best thing is to stay and live in the present because only that is what can be controlled and can make you happy.
Another important thing is to stay positive in your life and you must also watch your attitude towards your competitors and should never nurture ill feelings towards them. Always indulge into healthy competition and should never take your competition beyond a point where you start treating them as your rivals and get into any kind of enmity. You should only attempt to get ahead of them and not harm them in any ways. Having a compassionate attitude towards others is what will eventually give you happiness from within.
Staying happy is everyone’s right, but it solely depends upon people as to what exactly makes them happy. Artificial or materialistic happiness is temporary; thus you must try to achieve thfe real happiness of your life.
Thank You!
Writing:
Question 1.
• In groups of four, discuss in. favour of or against the topic:
• “New technology is common, New thinking is rare”.
• Each group presents their points and the whole class brainstorms on the topic.
• Jot down all the points discussed.
• Write an argumentative article giving logical and relevant reasons along with your points of view.
Answer:
New Technology is common, New Thinking is rare:
- With the growth of technology, man has become dependent on the available resources and, thereby let go of his thinking and intellect.
- Before the introduction of technology, man was compelled to think on his own, in order to help himself grow.
- However, today there are many external resources that help to sustain and nurture man.
- This has made man a creature who simply follows instructions and does not think on this own.
- Therefore, there is a limited space for creativity and growth.
Project:
You have read about Stephen Hawking in Class VIII. Go through the text once again and gather information about his genius. You can also search web resources. Follow the steps given below and then write what made Hawking a genius.
i) Who is a genius?
Answer:
A genius is a person who displays exceptional intellectual ability, creative productivity, universality in genres or originality typically to a degree that is associated with the achievement of new advances in a domain of knowledge.
ii) What are the attributes that make a person a genius?
Answer:
As per Westergren, following 24 qualities are the characteristics of all the genius of the world; they are:
- drive
- courage
- devotion
- knowledge
- honesty
- optimism
- ability to judge
- enthusiasm
- willingness to take chances
- dynamic energy
- enterprise
- persuasion
- out-goingness
- ability to communicate
- patience
- perception
- perfectionism
- sense of humour
- versatality
- adaptability
- curiosity
- individualism
- idealism and
- imagination
Westergren believes that geniuses can be made; they are not born.
iii) How is Stephen Hawking a genius?
Answer:
Some incidents and Hawking’s own statements are hereby quoted to prove that he was genius.
- Hawking eventually put Newton’s gravitational theories to the test in 2007.
- He wanted to show that disability is no bar to achievement.
- He believed that the life on the earth is at an ever-increasing risk of being wiped, out by a disaster.
- He said that artificial intelligence could contribute to the eradication of disease and poverty.
- He also said artificial intelligence could be the biggest event in the history of civilization.
- He further opined that artificial intelligence coill also bring dangers.
iv) What is he famous for?
Answer:
The legendary physicist, Stephen Hawking explained the behaviour of black holes and even examined the origin of the universe. He brought together several different but equally fundamental fields of physical theory : gravitation, cosmology, quantum theory, thermodynamics and information theory. He discovered that the sun causes space to curve which holds the earth in orbit. He discovered that the total entropy of the universe can only increase; never can decrease. According to quantum theory, allegedly empty space is in fact far from being a void. These are some of things he is famous for.
v) What books has he written?
Answer:
Most popular books written by Hawking are:
- A Brief History of Time
- The Grand Design
- The Theory of Everything
- A Briefer History of Time
- George’s Secret Key to the Universe
- My Brief History
- George and the Big Bang
- The Nature of space and Time
- God created the Integers
- The Future of Space Time etc.
vi) Refer to the obituaries written by people on find out his inspiring qualities.
Answer:
Inspiring things that Hawking taught mankind.
- Intelligence is not your IQ.
- Know how little you know.
- There is a way out of a Black Hole.
- Mistakes are important.
- Intellectual showboating is stupid.
- Be curious.
- Never believe the course of your me is predestined.
- Be persistent.
- Never under estimate yourself.
- Be grateful.