Class 10 Words and Expressions Solutions Unit 9
Words and Expressions Class 10 Unit 9 Solutions
Class 10 English Words and Expressions Solutions Unit 9
Question 1.
Facial expressions are non-verbal communications. These expressions play an im-portant role in a play. They are powerful communication tools. The human face is extremely expressive. It is able to convey countless emotions without saying a word. Expressions tell us the mood of the characters in the play. Some facial expressions are given below. The facial expressions are for happiness, sadness, anger, surprise, fear, and disgust. Look at the facial expressions and write which emotions do they express.
Answer:
i) anger
ii) confused
iii) bewildered
iv) happy
Question 2.
You have read ‘The Proposal’ a one act play. It is a farce. The play is set in only one location, the drawing room of Chubukov’s house. All three characters in the play are quarrelsome people and they quarrel over petty issues. Lomov and Natalya start with the issue like a piece of land that is situated at the border between the two neighbors’ properties. The discussion turns into a quarrel and the marriage proposal is forgotten. They shout at each other. They are again dragged into an argument over the superiority of each other’s dogs. So, they drag their ancestors in their foolish q uarrel. They again abuse each other and call names.
Now, make groups of four and discuss the following points. While conducting the discussion, try to use the facial expressions given above.
1. The marriage proposal is a mockery of romance and marriage in the upper class.
2. The pride in property, even the superiority of dogs, take priority over love and marriage.
3. The characters lack patience, stop listening to each other, and then contradict each other.
4. Do you think these quarrels will promise a happy life ?
5. What qualities would you consider for a well-matched couple ?
6. Do you think all of us should know how to manage our anger?
Answer:
- For the upper class of society; everything is to be measured and weighed in terms of money. Marriage and romance are no exception to the rule. Wherever they go, they make their presence felt through bragging.
- For the people of upper class, the property that they possess is far better than that of other’s. In no case they are ready to admit that a thing or two that they possess is of inferior quality.
- Lomov and Natalya are the main characters who lack patience to hear at least what the other person has to say; what of understanding what they say ? After having a tough fight Natalya presses her father to call Lomov back and talk about her marriage.
- No, these quarrels can never promise a happy life; instead it will mar the conjugal life of the married couple.
- For a well matched couple; there is only one golden word that I would suggest – complement each other; do not compete with each other. Since to err is human; a partner is supposed to compensate for the lacuna that
the other partner possesses. - Yes, all of us must know how to manage our anger.
Reading Comprehension:
Text-I
How Can We Control Anger?
Do you get angry when your mother switches off the television ? Do you get upset when you lose a game ? Do you crib when your teacher does not pay attention to you ? Most of us can have “yes” as an answer to one or more of these situations. Anger some¬times gets the better of us and leaves us to regret the conse quences later. The question is ‘How can we control anger?
Anger is a normal and healthy emotion only if we know how to respond to it. Un-controlled anger can often harm us directly or indirectly whether we realise or not.
The Proposal
Before we learn to address the issue, let us revisit the concept of anger. Anger is nothing but absence of peace with oneself, people or situations around us. We express it either by being assertive or aggressive. Let us all become the managers of our own anger. When angry, take a few moments to calm down (take five deep breaths, count up to ten, drink water, change your place) before responding.
More often than not we do not have control over the situations that distress us. Getting physically active reduces stress. Funny dances, clapping, thumping your feet, a walk, making funny faces at the mirror, etc., go a long way in helping us let go of the anger or the frustration inside us. Once we have our feelings under control, go through all the aspects of the situation and try to see the same situation from different perspectives.
If it is a problem try to equip yourself with a few solutions before entering the same situation. Avoid holding a grudge with people and learn when to seek help from others. Realising your own shortcomings can become one of the greatest strengths of character over the years to come.
We can never control circumstances, people or situations as they are constantly changing. The only thing we can control is our response. So we have to increase our capacity to tolerate, ability to understand, and learn to nurture love for others.
Question 1.
What do you understand by the word ‘anger’?
Answer:
Anger is nothing but absence of peace with oneself, people or situations around us. We express it either by being assertive or aggressive.
Question 2.
List any four strategies to manage anger.
Answer:
Four strategies to manage anger are :
- take five deep breaths.
- count up to ten.
- drink water.
- change your place
Question 3.
How can you develop strengths of character given in the passage above?
Answer:
Realising one’s own shortcomings can become one of the greatest strengths of character.
Question 4.
Anger management helps you in (Tick the correct answer.)
a) remaining always happy
b) developing strength of character
c) remaining stress free
d) learning how to respond to the situation
Answer:
a) X
b) ✔
c) X
d) X
Question 5.
What is under our control? How can we make it a positive one?
Answer:
Under our control, there is only one thing that is; our response. By increasing our capacity to tolerate, ability to understand and nurture love for others, we can make it a positive one.
Text-II
There is a great deal of violence in the world. There is physical violence and also inward violence. Physical violence is to kill another, to hurt other people consciously, deliberately or without thought, to say cruel things, full of antagonism and hate and inwardly, inside the skin, to dislike people, to hate people, to criticise people. Inwardly, we are always quarrelling, battling, not only with others, but with ourselves. We want people to change, we want to force them to our way of thinking.
In the world, as we grow up, we see a great deal of violence, at all levels of human existence. The ultimate violence is war – the killing for ideas, for so-called religious principles, for nationalities, the killing to preserve a little piece of land. To do that, man will kill, destroy, maim, and also be killed himself. There is enormous violence in the world, the rich wanting to keep people poor, and the poor wanting to get rich and in the process hating the rich. And you, being caught in society, are also going to contribute to this.
There is violence between husband, wife, and children. There is violence, antagonism, hate, cruelty, ugly criticism, anger – all this is inherent in man, inherent in each human being. It is inherent in you. And education is supposed to help you to go beyond all that, not merely to pass an examination and get a job. You have to be educated so that you become a really beautiful, healthy, sane, rational human being, not a brutal man with a very clever brain who can argue and defend his brutality. You are going to face all this violence as you grow up. You will forget all that you have heard here, and will be caught in the stream of society. You will become like the rest of the cruel, hard, bitter, angry, violent world, and you will not help to bring about a new society, a new world.
But a new world is necessary. A new culture is necessary. The old culture is dead, buried, burnt, exploded, and vaporised. You have to create a new culture. A new culture cannot be based on violence. The new culture depends on you because the older generation has built a society based on violence, based on aggressiveness and it is this that has caused all the confusion, all the misery. The older generations have produced this world and you have to change it. You cannot just sit back and say, “I will follow the rest of the people and seek success and position.”
If you do, your children are going to suffer. You may have a good time, but your children are going to pay for it. So, you have to take all that into account, the outward cruelty of man to man in the name of god, in the name of religion, in the name of self-importance, in the name of the security of the family. You will have to consider the outward cruelty and violence, and the inward violence which you do not yet know. (Source: ‘On Violence’, On Education, J. Krishnamurti)
Question 1.
What is the physical violence that J. Krishnamurti is talking about?
Answer:
Physical violence is to kill another; to hurt other people consciously, deliberately or without thought, to say cruel things, full of antagonism and hate and inwardly inside the skin, to hate people, to dislike people, to criticise people.
Question 2.
What is the violence that cannot be expressed ?
Answer:
Inwardly we are always quarrelling with ourselves; we want people to change, we want to force them to our way of thinking. This is the violence that can not be ex¬pressed.
Question 3.
War, the ultimate violence, could be due to (Tick the correct options) – 1
a) difference of ideas
d) the feeling to protect a little piece of land
c) nationalities
b) religious principles
e) all of the above
f) none of the above
Answer:
a) X
b) X
c) X
d) X
e) ✔
f) X
Question 4.
How has J. Krishnamurti given the feelings of the rich and the poor in the given para-graph?
Answer:
J. Krishnamurti says that there is enormous violence in the world; the rich wanting to keep people poor and the poor wanting to get rich and in the process hating the rich.
Question 5.
What is the role of education in a human being’s life?
Answer:
According to J. Krishnamurti, there is violence, antagonism, hate, cruelty, ugly criticism, anger all inherent in man, in each human being. Education can help man to go beyond all that.
Question 6.
How, as a student, will you create a new world?
Answer:
As a student, we can contribute to making a new world by:
- staying in peace with our class fellows.
- helping them in times of need.
- standing behind them in danger.
- removing all sorts of violent thoughts against my class fellows/teachers.
- raising awareness in society against violence through placards, articles, essays etc.
vocabulary:
Question 1.
Some children are taken to a health clinic for a regular checkup. Rewrite the sentences they speak in reported speech.
| VERB | NOUN | ADVERB |
| encourage | ||
| excite | ||
| trouble | ||
| beautify | ||
| tremble |
Answer:
| VERB | NOUN | ADVERB |
| encourage | encouragement | encouragingly |
| excite | excitement | excitingly |
| trouble | trouble | troublingly |
| beautify | beauty | beautifully |
| tremble | tremble | tremblingly |
Grammar:
Reported speech:
Question 1.
Some children are taken to a health clinic for a regular checkup. Rewrite the sen tences they speak in reported speech. (Use complain, say, tell, ask, inquire, mention, etc., wherever necessary.)
(Use complain, say, tell, ask, inquire, mention etc., wherever necessary.)
Ashish : I feel sleepy all the time.
Neha : I get pain in my legs when I run.
Sonal : I’m fine.
Ritu : I had fever last week.
Akash : Why do I always cough ?
Rehman : Should 1 walk everyday to keep myself fit ?
Sumi : Oh, thank you, Doctor. Now I know the reason for my constant stomach ache.
Though ‘tell’ and ‘say’ almost mean the same, there are differences in the usage of the two words. ‘Tell’ is always followed by an indirect object but ‘say’ is not.
Example : a) I told my sister that she was right.
b) Ashish said he worked hard to achieve success.
We can use‘ask’with or without an indirect object.
Example :
a) My mother asked (me) if I was ready for the party.
b) Madhu asked (the tailor) whether her dresses were ready.
Answer:
Ashish complained that he felt sleepy all the time.
- Neha complained that she got pain in her legs when she ran.
- Sonal said that she was fine.
- Ritu told that she had fever last week.
- Akash in quired why he always coughed.
- Rehman asked if he should walk everyday to keep himself fit.
- Sumi thanked the doctor and mentioned that she knew, then, the reason for her constant stomachache.
Question 2.
Use ‘said’, ‘told’ or ‘asked’ to fill in the blanks in the following sentences. One has been done for you.
Shilpi: Father, I want to go on a trip to Uttarkashi. Shilpi told her father that she wanted to go on a trip to Uttarkashi.
Archana: It is very hot in Jaisalmer. Archana said that it was very hot in Jaisalmer.
a) The Scientist _____ that dinosaurs lived 230 million years ago.
b) The teacher _____ the students that she was going to conduct a new experiment.
c) Could you please _____ me where the new bookshop is located.
d) The student _____ (the teacher) if it was possible.
e) It is requested that he should _____ the truth.
f) Father _____ (his son) whether he had paid his fees or not.
Answer:
a) said
b) told
c) tell
d) asked
e) tell
f) asked
Question 1.
Join the parts of the sentences given below and write meaningful sentences.
a) by giving ultimate/individual can transform everything/expression to /the inner determination of an/the infinite potential of human being
b) down many a time/but keep rising/that you may go/the Sun teaches us
c) but how much love/much we give/we put into giving/it’s not how
d) fit for human habitation/would mould the world/the citizens of tomorrow/into a globe
e) you must hear/to be a great leader /and pains of people/the unspoken joys
Answer:
a) The inner determination of an individual can transform everything by giving ulti¬mate expression to the infinite potential of human being.
b) The sun teaches us that you may go down many a time but keep rising.
c) It’s not how much we give but how much love we put into giving.
d) The citizens of tomorrow would mould the world into a globe fit for human habitation.
e) To be a great leader, you must hear the unspoken joys and pains of people.
Listening:
Question 1.
You have read a play by Anton Chekov. Given below is a story by the same author. Listen and enjoy the recorded story or someone may read it aloud to you. Then answer the questions that follow.
Vanka sighed and gazed’ in the direction of the window. He remembered it was grandfather who always went to the forest to cut down a Christmas tree for the rich people, taking Vanka with him. They had a wonderful time together, the snow falling, the trees crackling and hares springing across the trees,
When the tree had been chopped down, grandfather would drag it to the big house and they would start decorating it. The young mistress Olga, Vanka’s favourite, was the busiest of all. Vanka’s mother, when alive, had worked as Olga’s maid. Then Olga had given him all the sweets and played a lot with Vanka. But after his mother’s death, Vanka was sent to the kitchen to be with his grandfather and from there to Alyakhin, the shoemaker.
“Come to me, dear grandfather,” Vanka wrote on, “Please, take me away from here, have pity on me, a poor orphan. They are always beating me. I’m terribly hungry and so miserable that I’m always crying. Remember me to all my friends. I remain your grandson, Ivan Zhukov. Dear grandfather, please come soon.”
Vanka folded the sheet of paper artd then put it in an envelope he had bought the previous day. He thought for a while, then wrote the address: To Grandfather in the Village. He added the words: Konstantin Makarich. He was happy that no one had dis-turbed him while hp was writing his letter. He ran out to the street to post it. Vanka had been told by the clerks that letter were dropped in boxes from where they were carried all over the world on mail coaches drawn by horse and driven by drunken drivers, while the bells jingled. Vanka ran to the nearest mailbox and put his letter in it.
An hour later, lulled by sweetest hopes, he was fast asleep. He dreamed of a stove. His grandfather was sitting beside it, reading out his letter to the cooks. Eel, the dog, was walking round the stove, wagging his tail. Anton Chekov
(a) Vanka went to bed early on Christmas Eye as _____
Answer:
He wanted to write a letter to his grandfather describing his perils and cajoling him to take with him.
(b) Why, of all people, did he write a letter to his grandfather?
Answer:
Vanka was an orphaned child; he had no one to share his plights with except his grandfather. He felt happy in his company; so he wrote a letter to his gandfather hoping he would remove all his miseries.
(c) How was his grandfather a very lovable person?
Answer:
His grandfater Konstantin was a night watchman whose face was always crinkling with laughter. In the day time, the old man slept in the servant’s kitchen or cracked jokes with the cooks.
(d) Vanka was beaten _____ times.
Answer:
two
(e) Vanka was beaten because _____.
Answer:
while rocking the baby in the cradle, he had unfortunately fallen asleep.
(f) What was Vanka prepared to do for grandfather if he was taken away from the shoe maker?
Answer:
Vanka was ready to grind snuff for him, to clean boots, or to work as a shepherd boy.
(g) He was sent to Alyakhin, the shoeTinaker, to _____.
assist the shoe-maker in his business and learn thereby the trade.
(h) Who does Vanka remember most at Christmas,, next to his grandfather?
Answer:
Vanka remembers Olga most next to his grandfather because she gave him all the sweets and played with him a lot.
i) How did he address the letter?
Answer:
Vanka addressed the letter as such – ‘Dear Grandfather Konstantin’
j) Did he sleep well after posting the letter.? What did he dream?
Answer:
Yes, after posting the letter, Vanka was fast asleep. In his dream during sleep; he saw his grandfather reading his letter and his dog walking round.
Speaking:
Question 1.
Enact the play in the class. Keep in mind – dialogue delivery – tone, voice modu . lation; non-verbal communications – facial expressions, gestures, movements, etc. Many things are communicated through these non-verbal tools.
Answer:
Do it yourself.
Question 2.
A communicative tasks are given below. Practice in pairs or groups.
Task I
(Discussing, giving opinions, agreeing, and disagreeing)
Role Play:
Smita : Well! What do you think about violence on television ?
Romila : If you ask me, there is too much violence on television. Children should not be exposed to it.
Smita : I don’t agree with you. Why do you say so ?
Romila : It’s not wise to expose children to a lot of fighting, shooting, stabbing, and killing.
Smita : But children find it thrilling.
Romila : No, they don’t. On the contrary it brutalises them and makes them insensitive. They look upon violence and killing as common place incidents. Smita : But the young people now a days are Question uite violent.
Romila : Precisely. It is the influence of television.Wouldn’t it be better if through television we give them the message of peace and togetherness.
Pair or Group Work
Discuss with your friends the following topics – people going abroad for studies, building a dispensary in place of a playground, sports cannot be a profession, or any topic that is of interest to you and your friends.
Answer:
1) Nitin: I,wonder why people go abroad for higher studies. India is the land of knowledge. We have world class universities with world class infrastructure in them.
Manu: Degrees issued from foreign countries hold more value than that of degrees issued from Indian universities. Moreover such people show decency and decoram of highest order at the work place.
Nitin : I fail to understand why you think like that. Indian nationals constitute 30% of the working class in America. They are more professional than of their American counterparts.
Manu: You are right; but this is the way of the world. Despite being a place of knowl-edge, India ranks lower.
Nitin: How pathetic; things must change for the good.
2) Akshay : Vidyut; did you hear that the land ear marked in our colony for a play-ground is going to be given for a dispensary ?
Vidyut: Yes; I heard but it’s injustice. Don’t you think so?
Akshay: I do agree with you but I think on a larger plain. A dispensary will be more useful than that of a playground. With passage of time; playgrounds are usually con-verted into the dens of gangsters.
Vidyut: You are right; dear. A dispensary will be better to have; people of our colony will get immediate medical help.
3) Ruchika I’m of the firm opinion that sports can not be a profession; instead it is a source of entertainment.
Virdi: You are mistaken, my dear. Sports is a career in this world of ours. There are several people who have chosen it deliberately; got trained and succeeded. Today they are stars in their world. They lead a luxurious life due to their unmatched skills in their particular sports.
Ruchika : Why talk of those who are beyond our reach? Take for example ourselves. Do you play ever for money?
Virdi: Doing something on a common plain may not bring success or make you a ce-lebrity but if you do it in a big way; you can choose it to be a career.
Ruchika: Yes, yaar. What you say seems right but my conscience does not allow me to accept that sports is a profession. Anyway, thanks.
Writing:
Question 1.
Letters in the olden times were carried by mail coaches driven by horses. How are they carried today ? List the types of letters sent by different means of transport.
Answer:
Cards and envelopes are considered first class mail and are airlifted between stations covering both land and air transport. The second class mail includes book packets, registered newspapers and periodicals. They are carried by surface mail covering land and water transport. To facilitate Question uick delivery of mails in large towns and cities, six mail channels have been introduced recently. They are called Rajdhani channel, Metro channel, Green channel, Business channel, Bulk Mail channel and Periodical channel.
Question 2.
You have listened to, the story of Vanka. try writing an e mail to your grandfather describing your life. Have you ever felt as bad as Vanka did? What did you do to feel happy again ?
From: [email protected].
Subject: Experience of a PG Life.
Compose mail
Dear Grandpa,
For completing of Diploma, I have shifted to Delhi and live in a Paying Guest resi-dence. Food served here, I found, was of very low Question uality. They do not hesitate to serve stale food items; to add fuel to fire, they have imposed a limitation on its amount. For breakfast; they give only one paratha; for lunch; hardly a fistful of rice and for dinner; only two chapatis.
Fed up with the system, I decided to hire a room here and cook myself to remove my difficulties. Things are fine now but I have to waste my precious time in cooking. Any way I feel happy to have overcome my difficulties.
With love and regards :
Your grandson,
Nitin.
Question 3.
a) You have read ‘A Letter to God’ in your textbook First Flight. Lencho wrote a letter to God expressing his desire. Did it reach God?
Answer:
No, Lenchos letter did not reach God but it reached a post master who acted like God by sending him the desired amount of money,
b) Do you think Vanka’s letter reached his grandfather? What is the correct way to address a letter?
Answer:
In villages, the postman knows everybody by his name. Hence there is every possibility that the Vanka’s letter might have reached his grandfather. However, Vanka forgot to write the address on the envelope. So it is likely that it might not have reached his grandfather.
The correct way address a letter is :
Name of place
Date:
Salutation
_______________
_______________
_______________
Yours truly.
XYZ
Address: Name of person concerned.
Lane No. _____, Block No. _____,
Floor No. _____, Flat No. _____,
Residential complex name
Place (PIN CODE)
c) Suppose Vanka and Lencho meet. Create an interesting dialogue between the two. What encouraged them to write letters to God and grandfather?
Answer:
Lencho: Since I lost my crops in heavy hail storm, I asked God for help. He responded to me but the postal people are crooked fellows; they paid me less amount than it was sent. I complained to God. His response is awaited.
Vanka : Being fed up with my landlord, I wrote a letter to my grandfather to rescue me from here and take me to his place. Surprisingly I got no response so far; but my grandpa is a jolly kind of person.
Lencho: The moment I get rest of the money from God; I would be relieved of my worries for a year. Otherwise f shall have go hungry for the whole year; I have nothing to feed to even my wife and children.
Vanka: Be patifent, my dear. God is kind; He takes time but the wish is fulfilled in due course.
Lencho : Yes; I agree. I have firm faith that your grandfather will come to your rescue soon.
Vanka: Let’s hope so. God is Great.
Lencho : Yes; God is Great.
project:
Question 1.
Suppose you were asked to find a groom or a bride for a member of your family. What characteristics would you look for in them ? Make a list.
You can also talk to them to know what they think their partner must possess.
Answer:
List of characteristics I would look for:
- Fair complexion
- Smart (in outlook and appearance)
- Educational qualification
- Experience in any job (if any)
- Family background and status
- Not physically handicapped
- Sober by nature
- Compatible hobbies, habits and dressing sense
- Curious to learn and obey
- Respects elders
- Active and participative
- God fearing (religious)