Students can access the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Sociology with Solutions and marking scheme Set 1 will help students in understanding the difficulty level of the exam.
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Sociology Set 1 with Solutions
Time Allowed:- 3 hours
Maximum Marks:- 80
General Instructions:
- The question paper is divided into four sections.
- There are 35 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.
- Section A includes question no. 1-16. These are MCQ-type questions. As per the question, there can be one answer.
- Section B includes question no. 17-25. These are Very Short Answer-type questions carrying 2 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 30 words.
- Section C includes question no. 26-32. They are Short Answer type questions carrying 4 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 80 words.
- Section D includes question no. 33-35. They are Long Answer type questions carrying 6 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 200 words each.
- Question no. 33 is to be answered with the help of the given graphics. Question no. 34 is to be answered with the help of the given passage.
Section-A (16×1=16 Marks)
Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
Assertion (A): People often do not see the end result of their work because they are producing only one small part of a product.
Reason (R): Industrialisation involves a detailed division of labour where people do not enjoy work, and see it as something they have to do only in order to survive. [1]
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(B) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(C) A is true but R is false.
(D) A is false and R is true.
Answer:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A as the work is often repetitive and exhausting for the labourers but they have a work to survive.
Question 2.
Which of the following stages, as per the Theory of Demographic Transition, is that of high population growth? [1]
(A) First Stage
(B) Both first and second stage
(C) Second Stage
(D) Third Stage
Answer:
(C) Second Stage
Explanation: Second stage is a transitional stage of movement from badcward to an advanced stage which is characterised by very high rates of growth of population.
Question 3.
Which of the following statements is not true for the institution of caste today? [1]
(A) Some scholars argue that what we know today as caste is more a product of colonialism than of ancient Indian tradition.
(B) Counting and official recording of caste identities gave the institution a new life.
(C) The institution became extremely flexible.
(D) Government of India Act of 1935 was passed which gave legal recognition to the lists or ‘schedules’ of castes and tribes marked out for special treatment by the state. This is how the terms ‘Scheduled Tribes’ and the ‘Scheduled Castes’ came into being.
Answer:
(C) The institution became extremely flexible.
Explanation: The institution of caste is not flexible but still rigid.
Question 4.
Which of the following reasons are responsible for the invisibility of the caste system in the upper castes and upper middle class? [1]
(A) Policy of reservation.
(B) Education and employment in private sector.
(C) Developmental policies of the post-colonial era.
(D) Their lead over the rest of society (in terms of education) did not ensure protection from serious competition.
Answer:
(C) Developmental policies of the post-colonial era.
Explanation: The benefits like education and expansion of state sector jobs had helped the upper and upper middle class to live caste-less.
Question 5.
“Considering from an urban point of view, the rapid growth in urbanisation shows that the town or city has been acting as a magnet for the rural population.” Choose the incorrect statement about urbanisation in India? [1]
(A) Rural to Urban migration has increased due to decline in common property resources.
(B) Urban areas are a decisive force in terms of political dynamics.
(C) People go to cities in search of work.
(D) Cities offer anonymity to the poor and oppressed class.
Answer:
(B) Urban areas are a decisive force in terms of political dynamics.
Explanation: It is the rural areas that are a decisive force in terms of political dynamics and not Uiban.
Question 6.
In which ways Adivasis struggles Eire different from Dalit struggle? [1]
(A) They were not discriminated against like the Dalits.
(B) Their social and economic conditions were better than the Dalits.
(C) They did not face social exclusion like the Dalits.
(D) Adivasis were concentrated in contagious areas and could demand statehood.
Answer:
(D) Adivasis were concentrated in contagious areas and could demand statehood.
Explanation: Adivasis were concentrated in contagious areas and could demand statehood means fight for place in society where as Dalits were fighting for rights, reservation, benefits and incentives.
Question 7.
Stereotypes fix whole groups into single ____________ categories, they refuse to recognize the ____________ across individuals and across context or across time. [1]
(A) homogeneous, variation
(B) heterogeneous, similarities
(C) droad, similarities
(D) diverse, differences
Answer:
(A) homogeneous, variation
Explanation: Stereotypes fix whole groups into single homogeneous categories, they refuse to recognize the variation across individuals and across context or across time.
Question 8.
Person from a well-off family can afford expensive higher education. Someone with influential relatives and friends may through access to good advice, recommendations or information manage to get a well-paid job. Which concept is being talked of? [1]
(A) Forms of capital by Bourdieu
(B) Resources by Bourdieu
(C) Ideal types by Max Weber
(D) Ideal Types by Bourdieu
Answer:
(A) Forms of capital by Bourdieu
Explanation: Bourdieu, distinguishes between three forms of capital that can determine peoples’ social position: economic, social and cultural capital. Economic in the form of material assets and income. Social in the form of networks of contact and cultural as education and status.
Question 9.
Assertion(A): The everydayness of social inequality and exclusion often make them appear inevitable, almost natural.
Reason(R): The common-sense understanding is that the poor and marginalised are where they are because they are lacking in ability, or haven’t tried hard enough to improve their situation. [1]
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(B) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(C) A is true but R is false.
(D) A is false and R is true.
Answer:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. because we tend to take it for granted or as natural and if we tend to recognise we often think them as they deserve that because they haven’t tried hard to come out of that plight.
Question 10.
Cultural diversity can present tough challenges. Which of the following is not a reason for challenge? [1]
(A) It can arouse intense passions among its members and mobilise large numbers of people.
(B) Economic and social inequalities among the communities.
(C) Equal distribution of scarce resources like river water, jobs or governments funds.
(D) Injustices suffered by one community provoke opposition from same communities.
Answer:
(C) Equal distribution of scarce resources like river water, jobs or governments funds.
Explanation: Equal distribution of scarce resources like river water, jobs or governments funds.
Question 11.
Policies promoting integration involve: [1]
(A) Outright suppression of identities of groups which are in minority.
(B) Complete erosion of cultural differences between groups.
(C) Elimination of ethno-national and cultural differences from the public arena.
(D) All of the above.
Answer:
(D) All of the above.
Question 12.
Assertion (A): Urbanisation in the colonial period saw the formation of new urban centres. [1]
Reason (R): These urban centres were designed to functions as trading posts alone.
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(B) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(C) A is true but R is false.
(D) A is false and R is true.
Answer:
(D) A is false and R is true.
Explanation: the Assertion should be that Urbanisation in the colonial period saw the decline of new urban centres.
Question 13.
Assertion (A): The impact of Sanskritisation is many sided.
Reason (R): Its influence can be seen in language, literature, ideology, music, dance, drama,style of life and ritual. [1]
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(B) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(C) A is true but R is false.
(D) A is false and R is true.
Answer:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Question 14.
Major difference between developing and developed countries is in the number of people in _____________ salaried employment. [1]
(A) daily wages
(B) regular
(C) irregular
(D) Both (B) and (C)
Answer:
(B) regular
Explanation: the calculation of total income or per capita income is done to know the average of regular salaried employees. This helps identifying the developed & developing countries
Question 15.
The Right to Information campaign is an example of _____________. [1]
(A) redemptive Movement
(B) reformist Movement
(C) revolutionary Movement
(D) old Social Movement
Answer:
(B) reformist Movement
Explanation: Reformist Movement is a movement where the reforms try to change the mindset of tiie people regarding a particular issue.
Question 16.
Which of the following is not a feature of social movements? [1]
(A) Sustained collective action.
(B) Aims to bring about changes on a public issue.
(C) Shared objectives and ideologies.
(D) Does not need leadership or structure.
Answer:
(D) Does not need leadership or structure.
Explanation: Does not need leadership or structure. Every participant takes up the movement.
Section – B (9×2=18 Marks)
Very Short Answer Questions
Question 17.
In Modern Foods, which was set up by the government to make healthy bread available at cheap prices, and which was the first company to be privatised, 60% of the workers were forced to retire in the first five years.
Based upon above passage, answer the following question. [2]
How did disinvestment impact the workers?
OR
“In Maruti Udyog Ltd. two cars roll off the assembly line every minute. Workers get only 45 minutes rest in the entire day – two tea breaks of 7.5 minutes each and one lunch break of half an hour. Most of them are exhausted by the age of 40 and take voluntary retirement.”
Based upon above passage, answer the following question.
What, according to you, is the impact of the factory’s working condition on the workers and on the factory?
Answer:
Sale of share in public sector companies.
- Loss of jobs; reduction in employees.
OR
Impact on the factory:
- Cost cutting allows for profit
- Reduction in number of permanent employees Impact on worker
- More people opting for voluntary retirement
- Reduction in number of permanent employees
- Workers are always very tense due to practices
such as just-in time and outsourcing
Question 18.
Many of our cultural practices and patterns can be traced to our agrarian backgrounds. Give two examples. [2]
Answer:
Most of the new year festivals in different regions of India such as Pongal in Tamil Nadu, Bihu in Assam, Baisakhi in Punjab celebrate
- the main harvest reason
- herald the beginning of new agricultural season
Question 19.
Using an example, describe adivasis internal colonialism. [2]
Answer:
- After independence, government monopoly over forests continued.
- Adivasi land acquired for mining and dam projects in the name of national development.
- Sardar Sarovar Dam project
Question 20.
With an example show how being a minority group can be disadvantageous in one sense but not in another.[2]
Answer:
Example:
- Parsis and Sikhs
- Economically well-off
- Culturally disadvantaged due to overwhelming majority of Hindus.
Question 21.
The 1989 Prevention of Atrocities Act revised and strengthened the legal provisions punishing acts of violence or humiliation against Dalits and adivasis. Legislation on this subject was passed repeatedly. [2]
Do you think state action alone can ensure social change? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
The 1989 Prevention of Atrocities Act revised and strengthened the legal provisions punishing acts of violence or humiliation against Dalits and adivasis. Legislation on this subject was passed repeatedly.
Do you think state action alone can ensure social change? Give reasons for your answer.
No, the state action alone can not ensure social change.
- Human beings are always capable of organising and acting on their own to struggle for justice and dignity.
- This is needed to bring about attitudinal change.
Question 22.
City offers relative anonymity to those migrating to it. What do you mean by relative anonymity? [2]
Answer:
- Poorer sections would not be known by ascriptive identities
- Partial protection to socially oppressed
- Poorer sections of socially dominant groups can engage in low status work
Question 23.
“If hard labour were such a good thing the rich would keep it all for themselves. All over the world, back-breaking work like stone breaking, digging, carrying heavy weights, pulling rickshaws or carts is invariably done by the poor. And yet they rarely improve their life chances.” [2]
Which social phenomena is reflected in this proverb? Give any two characteristics of this phenomena.
Answer:
Social stratification
- Characteristics-persists over generations; based
- on a beliefs; not a function of individual difference
Question 24.
Rabindranath Tagore on the evils of exclusive nationalism …where the spirit of the Western nationalism prevails, – the whole people is being taught from boyhood to foster hatred and ambitions by all kinds of means – by the manufacture of half-truths and untruths in history, by persistent misrepresentation of other races and the culture of unfavourable sentiments towards them…Never think for a moment that the hurt you inflict upon other races will not infect you, or that the enmities you sow around your homes will be a wall of protection to you for all time to come?
To imbue the minds of a whole people with an abnormal vanity of its own superiority, to teach it to take pride in its moral callousness and I’ll be gotten wealth, to perpetuate humiliation of defeated nations by exhibiting trophies won from war, and using these schools in order to breed in children’s minds contempt for others, is imitating the West where she has a festering sore…
Source: On Nationalism by Rabindranath Tagore. First published in 1917, Reprint Edition of Macmillan, Madras 1930. Read the passage and show any two ways in which exclusive nationalism is practiced. [2]
OR
Is statehood always based on linguistic identity? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
Manufacture of half-truths and untruths in history.
- Misrepresentation of other races
- Culture of unfavourable sentiments towards other races
- Perpetuate humiliation of defeated nations by exhibiting trophies won from war
- Using schools to breed in children’s mind contempt for others.
OR
No. Combination of ethnicity based on tribal identities, language, regional deprivation and ecology provides the basis for intense regionalism resulting in statehood
Question 25.
In what ways have social movements shaped the world we live and continue to do so? [2]
Answer:
Workday should not exceed 8 hours.
- Men and women should be paid equally for doing the same work.
- Workers are entitled to social security and pension. (any two)
Section – C (7×4=28 Marks)
Short Answer Type Questions
Question 26.
Kumudtai’s journey into Sanskrit began with great interest and eagerness with Gokhale Guruji, her teacher at school… At the University, the Head of the Department was a well-known scholar and he took great pleasure in taunting Kumudtai…Despite the adverse comments she successfully completed her Masters in Sanskrit… Source: Kumud Pawade (1938)
What does Kumud Pawade’s autobiography show us about the relation between gender and caste? [4]
Answer:
Dalit woman became a Sanskrit teacher
- As a student she is drawn towards the study of Sanskrit, perhaps because it is the means through which she can break into a field that was not possible for her to enter on grounds of gender and caste.
- She was drawn towards it because it would enable her to read in the original what the texts have to say about women and the Dalits.
- As she proceeds with her studies, she meets with varied reactions ranging from surprise to hostility, from guarded acceptance to brutal rejection.
Question 27.
The post-independent Indian state’s caste considerations had some contradictions. What were these contradictions? [4]
OR
What are the factors behind the assertion of tribal identity today?
Answer:
The state was committed to the abolition of caste State was both unable and unwilling to push through radical reforms which would have undermined the economic basis of caste inequality. State assumed that if it operated in a caste blind manner, it would undermine caste-based privileges and eventual abolition. Appointment to govt, jobs took no account of caste, leaving illiterate lower caste and well-educated upper caste to compete on equal terms.
OR
- Tribal identities today are centred on ideas of resistance and opposition to the overwhelming force of the non-tribal world.
- The positive impact of successes – such as the achievement of statehood for Jharkhand and Chattisgarh.
- Gradual emergence of an educated middle class among tribal communities.
- Issues relating to control over vital economic resources like land and specially forests,and issues relating to matters of ethnic-cultural identity.
Question 28.
Using an example, show how the treatment of Indian plantation labour was different from the way colonial administration treated their own labour back home. [4]
Answer:
- People brought from far-off homes into strange lands, possessing an unhealthy climate and infected with strange fevers,
- Required the provision of financial and other incentives, which the tea-planters of Assam were unwilling to offer.
- Planters took recourse to fraud and coercion.
- Planters persuaded the government to aid and abet them passing penal laws.
Question 29.
“Every human being needs a sense of stable identity to operate in this world. Questions like — Who am I? How am I different from others? How do others understand and comprehend me? What goals and aspirations should I have? constantly crop up in our life right from childhood. We are able to answer many of these questions because of the way in which we are socialised, or taught how to live in society by our immediate families and our community in various senses.” [4]
During a communal conflict, communities construct matching but opposite mirror images of each other. Explain this statement.
Answer:
- Each side in the conflict thinks of the other side as a hated enemy.
- Tendency to exaggerate the virtues of one’s own side as well as the vices of the other side.
- Each side believes that God and truth are on their side.
- When two nations are at war, patriots in each nation see the other as the enemy aggressor.
Question 30.
“Green Revolution of the 1960s and 1970s brought about significant changes in the areas where it took place. The Green Revolution, as you know, was a government programme of agricultural modernisation. It was largely funded by international agencies that was based on providing high-yielding variety(HYV) or hybrid seeds along with pesticides, fertilisers, and other inputs, to farmers.” [4]
Was Green Revolution always accompanied by positive social effects? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
No
- Primarily the medium and large farmers who were able to benefit from the new technology.
- Increasing inequalities in rural society.
- Displacement of the service caste groups.
- Market oriented cultivation, especially where a single crop is grown, a fall in prices or a bad crop can spell financial ruin for farmers.
- Worsening of regional inequalities.
Question 31.
“The structure of the family can be studied both as a social institution in itself and also in its relationship to other social institutions of society.” Elaborate. [4]
Answer:
- Work schedules of young parents in the software industry.
- Changes are purposely brought about, as when young people decide to choose their spouses instead of letting elders decide.
- Migration of men from the villages of the Himalayan region can lead to an unusual proportion of women-headed families in the village.
- When young people decide to choose their spouses instead of letting elders decide.
Question 32.
The agrarian structure becomes more unequal with high agricultural productivity. Explain with a suitable example. [4]
Answer:
Places with plentiful rain and assured irrigation have intensive agriculture.
- More labour needed.
- Labour predominantly from lower caste.
- Agrarian structure of such regions unequal because they had large numbers of landless bonded labourers.
Section – D (3 ×6=18 Marks)
Long Answer Type Questions
Question 33.
Based on the given Population Pyramids of India for the year 2026 and 2050, answer the following questions. [6]
(A) What is demographic dividend?
(B) What do you infer, on comparing the given graphics for the age group of 0-4 and 60-64?
(C) What, according to you, are the implications of this inference?
The Population Pyramid of India for the year 2050 indicates that the male and female population in the age range of 60-64 stands at 2.9% and the male and female population in the age range of 55-59 stands at 3.3% and 3.2% respectively.
The Population Pyramid of India for the year 2026 indicates that the male and female population in the age range of 60-64 stands at 1.9% and the male and female population in the age range of 55-59 stands at 2.3%.
Based on this data, answer the following questions.
(A) What is demographic dividend?
(B) What do you infer, on comparing the given data for the age group of 55-59 and 60-64?
What, according to you, are the implications of this inference? 6
Answer:
(a) Demographic dividend is benefit flowing from the changing age structure.
(b) Population in the 55-59 age range is decreasing and that in the 60-64 age range is increasing.
(c) India must utilize the potential of people in the working age-group before the demographic window closes. It must also introduce policy changes to provide social security for the increasing number of senior citizens.
Question 34.
“Niyamgiri Hills is home to Dongria Kondh, a particularly vulnerable tribal group, who had unanimously voted against a project by state government-owned Odisha Mining Corporation (OMC) and Sterlite Industries which wanted to mine bauxite. The villages’ decision followed a landmark Supreme Court verdict on April 18, 2013, that vindicated the decade-long movement. The court said forest clearance for the mining project, which had been withdrawn by the Environment Ministry in 2010, could be given only after taking the consent of the gram sabhas, or village councils, in the region in tandem with the Forest Right Act (FRA).”
(Source: Development at cost Of Human Lives; Revisiting Adivasi Resistance in Mali Parbat, Niyamgiri Hills, Shreya Basak, 19 Jan 2023 12:29 PM, Outlook)
Based on the given passage, answer the following questions.
(A) What is a social movement?
(B) Based on your reading of the passage, identify the issues that the social movement addresses.
Would you classify this social movement as old or new? Give reasons for your answer. [6]
Answer:
(a) Sustained collective action, with shared ideology and goals, with some degree organization, to demand changes in state policy.
(b) Identity and cultural practices of tribals; ecological issues.
(c) New Combination of class and quality of life issues; not localized and not within the frame of political parties.
Question 35.
What changes did globalisation and liberalisation introduce in the Indian industrial society? [6]
Answer:
Private companies, especially foreign firms, are encouraged to invest in sectors earlier reserved for the government, including telecom, civil aviation, power, etc.
- Licenses are no longer required to open industries.
- Disinvestment
- Indian companies are becoming multinational companies
- Indian companies being bought over by multinational companies
- Outsourcing