Students can access the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Psychology with Solutions and marking scheme Set 2 will help students in understanding the difficulty level of the exam.
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Psychology Set 2 with Solutions
Time Allowed: 3 hours
Maximum Marks: 70
General Instructions:
- All questions are compulsory except where internal choice has been given.
- Question Nos. 1 -15 in Section A carry 1 mark each. You are expected to answer them as directed.
- Question Nos. 16-21 in Section B are very short answer type-I questions carrying 2 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 30 words.
- Question Nos. 22-24 in Section C are short answer type-II questions carrying 3 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 60 words.
- Question Nos. 25 – 28 in Section D are long answer type questions carrying 4 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 120 words.
- Question Nos. 29-30 in Section E are long answer type questions carrying 6 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 200 words.
- Question Nos. 31 – 34 in Section F are based on two cases given. Answer to each one-mark question should not exceed 20 words. Answer to each two-mark question should not exceed 30 words.
Section-A
Question 1.
If a person has the skill of understanding the motives, feelings and behaviours of other people, he/she is said to have [1]
(A) Interpersonal intelligence
(B) Intrapersonal intelligence
(C) Linguistic intelligence
(D) Social intelligence
Answer:
(A) Interpersonal intelligence
Explanation:
Its interpersonal that involves other people. Intrapersonal is with oneself.
Question 2.
Anupam lacks patience, exhibits high motivation, feels burdened with work and always seems to be in a hurry. He needs to take care of himself as such people are prone to ailments like: [1]
(A) Cancer
(B) Depression
(C) Coronary Heart Disease
(D) None of these
Answer:
(C) Coronary Heart Disease
Explanation:
According to Friedman and Roesenman, persons like Anupam belong to Type-A personality. Such people, according to them are prone to hypertension and chronic heart diseases.
Question 3.
Mir had no recollection of the bicycle he received as a gift on his tenth birthday. But when Nita reminded him about the same, he was able to recall it. This is because memories of his birthday were lying in [1]
(A) Unconscious
(B) Preconscious
(C) Conscious
(D) Superconscious
Answer:
(B) Preconscious
Explanation:
Mental activity people are unaware is a part of the unconscious level. Mental activity which people may become aware only if they attend to it closely is called preconscious level. Thoughts, feelings, and actions of which people are aware is called consciousness. Superconscious is not a state of consciousness as recognised under Psychology. One is not aware of thoughts and feelings present in the unconscious.
Question 4.
The ………….. approach considers intelligence as an aggregate of abilities. [1]
(A) Triarchic
(B) Psychometric
(C) Primary Mental
(D) PASS Model
Answer:
(B) Psychometric
Explanation:
Psychometric approach expresses the individual’s performance in terms of a single index of cognitive abilities.
Question 5.
The notion of contextual intelligence implies that intelligence is a product of ……………… [1]
(A) Culture
(B) Gift
(C) Intelligence
(D) Performance
Answer:
(A) Culture
Explanation:
Contextual Intelligence involves ability to deed with the Environment, which is influenced by one’s culture. Sternberg’s notion of contextual or practiced intelligence implies that intelligence is a product of culture.
Question 6.
Assertion (A): Aptitude refers to an individual’s underlying potential for acquiring skills.
Reason (R): Aptitude tests are used to predict what an individual will be able to do if given proper environment and training
(A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(C) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(D) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true. [1]
Answer:
(B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Explanation:
Aptitude tests help to check aptitude of an individual. These are not cause and effect.
Question 7.
Tanmay wants to assess how Geetika expresses aggression in the face of a frustrating situation with the help of cartoon-like pictures. He presents a series of situations in which one person frustrates another or calls attention to a frustrating condition. Tanmay is likely to be using the [1]
(A) Thematic Apperception Test.
(B) Rosenzweig’s Picture-Frustration Study.
(C) Sixteen Personality Factor Test.
(D) Behavioural Analysis
Answer:
(B) Rosenzweig’s Picture-Frustration Study.
Explanation:
Tanmay is likely to be using the Rosenzweig’s picture-frustrating study (P-F Study).
This test was developed by Rosenzweig to assess how people express aggression in the face of a frustrating situation. The test presents with the help of cartoon like pictures a series of situations in which one person frustrates another or calls attention to a frustrating condition. The subject is asked to tell what the other (frustrated) person will say or do. The analysis of responses is based on the type and direction of aggression.
Question 8.
Latika is able to recall information accurately and derives general rules from the presented facts. According to Thurstone, the primary abilities she possesses most are: [1]
(A) Memory and spatial relations
(B) Memory, spatial relations and verbal comprehension
(C) Inductive reasoning and spatial relations
(D) Inductive reasoning and memory
Answer:
(D) Inductive reasoning and memory
Explanation:
Recalling information and understanding rules from a fact involves inductive reasoning and memory.
Question 9.
Christopher’s personality is being assessed by a psychologist. Which of the following is/are TRUE about assessment of personality?
i. It is an informal effort aimed at understanding his personality.
ii. The goal of assessment is to understand and predict his behaviour with minimum error and maximum accuracy.
iii. While assessing Christopher, the psychologist tries to study what he generally does or how he behaves, in a given situation.
iv. His assessment can also be useful for diagnosis, training, placement, counselling and other purposes. [1]
(A) (i), (ii) and (iv)
(B) (ii)
(C) (ii), (iii) and (iv)
(D) (i), (ii) and (iii)
Answer:
(C) (ii), (iii) and (iv)
Explanation:
A formal effort aimed at understanding personality of an individual is termed as personality assessment. The goal of assessment is to understand and predict behaviour with minimum error and maximum accuracy. In assessment, we try to study what a person generally does or how s/he behaves in a given situation. Besides promoting our understanding, assessment is also useful for diagnosis, training, placement, counselling and other purposes.
Question 10.
…………….. is an enduring belief about an ideal mode of behaviour. [1]
(A) Aptitude
(B) Attitude
(C) Value
(D) Interest
Answer:
(C) Value
Explanation:
Values are enduring beliefs about an ideal mode of behaviour.
Question 11.
Which of these dimensions was added later on in the EPQ test? [1]
(A) Tough/Tender way of social interaction
(B) Introvert/Extrovert
(C) Emotionally stable/Unstable
(D) None of these
Answer:
(A) Tough/Tender way of social interaction
Explanation:
The way of social interaction was not initially considered as a dimension by Eysenck but was added later on after a gap of five years of extensive research. That factor was called as psychoticism by Eysenck who was the developer of the test.
Question 12.
Who defined stress as “the nonspecific response of the body to any demand”? [1]
(A) Hans Selye
(B) Lazarus
(C) Holmes and Rahe
(D) None of these
Answer:
(A) Hans Selye
Explanation:
Hans Selye is titled as “The Father of Modern Stress Research” for his psychological study on stress and its effects.
Question 13.
Assertion (A): People with similar intelligence take similar time to acquire knowledge or skills.
Reason (R): With proper training, these abilities can be considerably enhanced.
(A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(C) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(D) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true. [1]
Answer:
(D) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.
Explanation:
People with similar intelligence may take different time to acquire knowledge or skills. Intelligence level and learning level are two different concepts.
Question 14.
……………….. is the term used to describe the level of stress that is good for you. [1]
(A) Super stress
(B) Eustress
(C) Distress
(D) Strict stress
Answer:
(B) Eustress
Explanation:
The term Eustress was coined by endocrinologist Hans Selye> consisting of the Greek prefix eu-meaning “good”, and stress, literally meaning”good stress”.
Question 15.
The state of physical, emotional, and psychological exhaustion is known as : [1]
(A) Resistance
(B) Stress
(C) Burnout
(D) Coping
Answer:
(C) Burnout
Explanation:
The state of physical, emotional, and psychological exhaustion is known as Burnout.
Section-B
Question 16.
What is Burnout? Explain any one cause of burnout?
OR
What is Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT)? [2]
Answer:
Burnout is a state of physical, emotional, and psychological exhaustion. One of the causes of burnout can be lack of social support and coping abilities to handle any kind of stress which is adding up continuously.
OR
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) is a short and efficacious treatment for a wide range of psychological disorders such as anxiety, depression, panic attacks and borderline personality disorder. It combines cognitive therapy with behavioural techniques.
Question 17.
State any four significant features of attitudes. [2]
Answer:
The four features of attitude are:
(a) Valence (Positivity or Negativity)
(b) Extremeness
(c) Multiplexity (Simplicity or Complexity)
(d) Centrality
Question 18.
Why is confidentiality important in the process of psychotherapy? [2]
Answer:
Certain ethics need to be followed in psychotherapeutic settings. Confidentiality is one of those. It is important to not reveal what the client and the therapist have discussed during therapy as it is something which the client has discussed with trust. The client might feel uncomfortable with sharing in future and the rapport between the client and the therapist will be destroyed.
Question 19.
Analyse the chief benefit to the client in both behavioral and humanistic therapies. [2]
Answer:
Behaviour therapies: Changing faulty behaviours and cognitions to adaptive ones Humanistic therapies: Achieving personal growth, i.e.,increasing understanding of oneself and one’s aspirations, emotions, and motives.
Question 20.
You have been given the responsibility of changing the attitude of your schoolmates towards food wastage. Identify any three factors that you need to keep in mind while bringing in this attitude change and explain it with the help of an example. [2]
Answer:
Source characteristics: credibility and attractiveness.
Message characteristics: rational, emotional appeal, motives, mode.
Target characteristics: persuasibility, strong prejudices, self-esteem, and intelligence.
To change the school mates attitude towards food wastage one can use emotional appeal by showing an emotional video (message characteristic) or call in an expert to guide about food wastage statistics (source characteristic) or identify which of the friends can be easily persuaded and start with changing their attitudes first through persuasion.
Question 21.
What is the halo effect? [2]
Answer:
During formation of impression, we have a tendency to think that a target person who has one set of positive qualities must have other positive qualities. This is bown as the halo effect For example, if we are told that a person is ‘tidy’ and ‘punctual’, we are likely to think that the person must also be ‘hardworking’.
Section-C
Question 22.
Aman is an eight-year-old who has profound difficulty in relating to other people. Often, he is found to be unresponsive to other people’s feelings and exhibits stereotypical patterns of behaviour. Identify this disorder and describe its features?
OR
Anisha is suffering from Anorexia Nervosa because she is bullied by her classmates for being overweight. What is Anorexia Nervosa. Also, explain the other forms of eating disorders associated with distorted body image. [3]
Answer:
Autism Spectrum Disorder falls under the category of Neuro developmental disorders. Children with autism spectrum disorder have marked difficulties in social interaction and communication.
- They have a restricted range of interests.
- They have a strong desire for routine.
- They are unable to share experiences and emotions.
- They show serious abnormalities in communication and language that persist over time.
- Many never develop speech, those who do, have repetitive deviant patterns.
- They show narrow patterns of interests and repetitive behaviours such as lining up objects or stereotyped body movements.
OR
Anorexia Nervosa: In this, the individuals have a distorted body image that leads them to consider themselves as overweight. They refuse to eat especially, in front of others, exercise compulsively and lose large amount of weight and even starve themselves to death.
Other forms of eating disorders that are associated with distorted body image are:
(a) Bulimia Nervosa: In this, the individual may eat excessive amounts of food, then purge his/her body out of food by using medicines or by vomiting. The person feels disgusted and ashamed when he or she binges and is relieved of tension and negative emotions after purging.
(b) Binge Eating: In this, there are frequent episodes of out-of-control eating. Large amount of food is eaten even when the individual is not feeling hungry.
Question 23.
Define observation. Explain the limitations of observation as a method to evaluate personality. [3]
Answer:
Observation involves employing systematic, organised and objective procedures to record behavioural phenomenon occurring in a natural situation.
This can be participant or non-participant in nature. e.g., observing mother-child interactions. The limitations of the observation method are:
(i) This requires a professionally trained psychologist.
(ii) The psychologist should be matured to conduct the observations.
(iii) The mere presence of the observer may contaminate the results.
Question 24.
How does rational emotive therapy help in reducing distress? Support your answer with the help of an example. [3]
Answer:
(a) ABC analysis: The first step in RET is the antecedent- belief-consequence (ABC) analysis. Antecedent events, which caused the psychological distress, are noted.
The, client is also interviewed to find the irrational beliefs, which are distorting the present reality. Irrational beliefs may not be supported by empirical evidence in the environment-Jhese beliefs are characterised by thoughts with musts and shoulds, i.e., things ‘must’ and ‘should’ be in a particular manner.
Examples, “One should be loved by everybody all the time”, etc. This distorted perception of the antecedent event due to the irrational belief leads to the consequence, i.e., negative emotions and behaviours.
(b) Non-directive questioning: In the process of RET, the irrational beliefs are refuted by the therapist through a process of non-directive questioning. The nature of questioning is gentle, without probing or being directive. The questions make the client think deeper into her/ his assumptions about life and problems.
Section-D
Question 25.
Angad has been a topper in class. He went to the topmost college, where he was neither sensitive to himself nor to others. This led to problems in interpersonal relationships regarding his condition. Explain the importance of emotional intelligence in his life. [4]
Answer:
Emotional intelligence refers to the ability to process emotional information accurately and efficiently. Following are the characteristics of emotional intelligence:
• Perceive and be sensitive to your feelings and emotions.
• Perceive and be sensitive to various types of emotions in others by noting their body language, voice and tone and facial expressions.
• Control and regulate your emotions and their expressions while dealing with oneself and others to achieve harmony and peace.
• Angad is lacking in the above characteristics, and has problems in interpersonal relationships. Emotional intelligence has beneficial effects on their academic achievement. It encourages co-operative behaviour. It prepares students to face
challenges in life outside the classroom.
Question 26.
Radhika was fond of junk food and ate it too often. However, she always felt guilty as she knew junk food was harmful for her health and wanted to give it up. Explain the process that will lead to change in her attitude. [4]
Answer:
Factors influencing attitude change Characteristics of the existing attitude – valance, extremeness, simplicity/complexity, centrality.
The following factors can be used to bring about attitude change:
• Source characteristics
1. credibility
2. attractiveness
Radhika can discuss with a nutritionist about her diet who is an expert in the field. It will be an added advantage if the nutritionist is attractive.
• Message characteristics
1. rational/emotional appeal
2. motive
3. mode
If the message is given as a rational or emotional appeal focusing on the effects of junk food on one’s body it can help Radhika in quitting junk food.
The message can be shared in variety of modes (inperson or videos). The motive of the person sharing the information will also play a role here.
• Target characteristics
1. persuasibility
2. strong prejudice
3. self esteem
4. Intelligence
Radhika’s personal characteristics also need to be considered here. People with lower self-esteem and higher persuasibility find it easier to change their attitudes while people with higher intelligence and stronger prejudice find the same to be difficult to achieve.
Question 27.
Explain personality development by Alfred Adler and Karen Horney. [4]
Answer:
(a) Alfred Adler – Life style and social interest feeling of inferiority and superiority
(b) Alfred Adler’s theory is known as individual psychology. The central human motive is that of striving for superiority. Human behaviour is purposeful and goal directed. Each one has capacity to choose and create such goals. Our personal goals are sources of motivation for us.
(c) Alfred Adler’s view – every individual suffers from “feeling of inferiority” that are experienced during infancy and childhood. During childhood, child is helpless and depends on others for help and support
(d) Karen Horney- Optimism
(e) Karen Homey advocated for a more optimistic view of human life with emphasis on Human Growth and Self-actualisation. She emphasised on the importance of social relationships in personality development. Psychological disorders were caused by disturbed interpersonal relationship during childhood
(f) Basic anxiety – refers to the feeling of a child being isolated and helpless in a potential hostile world.
Question 28.
Usha is 20 years old and is mentally ill. Her parents have decided to send her to the rehabilitation of the mentally ill for her betterment because they are tired of finding the solution to her problem. Analyse the benefits as well as the services provided by the rehabilitation of the mentally ill. [4]
OR
A group of youngsters, working in a private firm are going through psychological distress due to the work load. Identify and explain the four factors which contribute to treatment of psychological distress.
Answer:
The aim during the treatment of psychological disorders is to reduce the symptoms and improve the functioning or quality of life. Rehabilitation is required to help patients to become self-sufficient. In rehabilitation, the patients are given occupational therapy, social skills training and vocational therapy. In occupational therapy, the patients are taught skills such as candle making, paper bag making and weaving to help them to form a work discipline. Social skills training helps the patients to develop interpersonal skills through role-play, imitation and instruction.
The objective is to teach the patient to function in a social group. Cognitive retraining is given to improve the basic cognitive functions of attention, memory and executive functions. After the patient improves sufficiently, vocational training is given wherein the patient is helped to gain skills to undertake productive employment.
OR
Work stress is a genuine concern which needs attention. This stress can affect one’s ability at work, one’s personal life, and can be responsible for development of physiological concerns as well. Following four factors are important in the treatment of psychological distress:
1. Techniques adopted by the therapist and the implementation of the same like relaxation procedure, emotion, or problem focused strategy of stress management.
2. The therapeutic alliance i.e., the relationship shared between the client and the therapist based on confidentiality, empathy, non-judgemental attitude, and unconditional positive regard.
3. Unburdening of the emotional problems. (catharsis)
4. Non-specific factors attributable to the client/patient (patient -variables like assertiveness, optimism, practical and organized approach, etc.) and attributable to the therapist (therapist – variables like calmness, being a good listener and communicator, etc.).
Section-E
Question 29.
Explain group polarization. Give reasons for occurrence of group polarization.
OR
Why do conflicts arise between groups and how can they be resolved? [6]
Answer:
Group polarization occurs when discussion leads a group to adopt attitudes or actions that are more extreme than the initial attitudes or actions of the individual group members. Group polarization can happen in the direction of either riskiness (risky shift) or conservativeness. For example, a group of women who hold moderately feminist views tend to demonstrate heightened pro-feminist beliefs following group discussion.
Group polarization can occur due to the following reasons:
- When like-minded people are interacting, the views become stronger resultingin a decision that favours them, for example, an employee who has done an anti-social activityon the job can be given an extreme punishment if all the individuals were in favour of punishment for him.
- The favourable view of one person is validated by the others, which leads them towards that attitude. This is known as the Bandwagon effect. When you find people having similar views, you are likely to perceive them as ingroup. You start identifying with the group, begin showing conformity, and as a consequence, your views become strengthened.
OR
Mentioned below are some of the major reasons for group conflicts:
- One major reason is lack of communication and faulty communication among parties which leads to suspicion, lack of trust.
- Comparison of one group members.
- Biased perceptions are at the root of most conflicts. Feelings of ‘they’ and ‘we’ lead to biased perceptions.
- Strategies to Resolve Group Conflicts are as follows:
- With other group members, and having a feeling that they are not doing well in comparison to other groups. These leads to feelings of deprivation and discontentment, which may trigger off conflict.
- Another cause of conflict is one group feels superior to another group and feels that what they say should be done.
- A feeling that the other group does not respect the norms of my group, and actually violates those norms.
- Desire for retaliation for some harm done in the past could be another reason for conflict.
Many strategies have been suggested by psychologists. Some of these are:
Introduction of superordinate goals: by introducing superordinate goals, intergroup conflict can be reduced.
A superordinate goal is mutually beneficial to both parties, hence both groups work cooperatively.
Altering perceptions: Conflicts can also be reduced by altering perceptions and reactions through persuasion, educational and media appeals, and portrayal of groups differently in society.
Increasing intergroup contacts: Conflict can also be reduced by increasing contacts between the groups.
Redrawing group boundaries: creating conditions where groups boundaries are redefined and groups come to perceive themselves as belonging to a common group.
Negotiations: Conflict can also be resolved through negotiations and third-party interventions, resolve conflict by trying to find mutually acceptable solutions. Negotiation refers to reciprocal communications so as to reach an agreement in situations in which there is a conflict.
Question 30.
Explain the different psychological models used to explain abnormal behaviour.
OR
Explain the diathesis-stress model of abnormal behaviour giving examples from daily life. [6]
Answer:
Psychological models maintain that psychological and interpersonal factors have a significant role to play in abnormal behaviour. These factors include:
(i) Maternal deprivation (separation from the mother, or lack of warmth and stimulation during early years of life).
(ii) Faulty parent-child relationships (rejection, over-protection, over-permissiveness, faulty discipline, etc.
(iii) Maladaptive family structures (inadequate or disturbed family) and severe stress. The psychological models include the psychodynamic, behavioural, cognitive, and humanistic-existential models.
(a) The Psychodynamic Model: This model is the oldest and most famous of the modern psychological-models. Abnormal behaviour is viewed as the result of intrapsychic conflicts.
1. This model was first formulated by Freud.
2. Abnormal behaviouris a symbolic expression of unconscious mental conflicts that can be generally traced to early childhood or infancy.
(b) The Behavioural Model: This model states that both normal and abnormal behaviours are learned and psychological disorders are the result of learning maladaptive ways of behaving. The model concentrates on behaviours that are learned through conditioning and propose that what has been learned can be unlearned. Learning can take place by classical conditioning (temporal association in which two events repeatedly occur close together in time), operant conditioning (behaviour is followed by a reward), and social learning (learning by imitating others’ behaviour). These three types of conditioning account for behaviour, whether adaptive or maladaptive.
(c) The Cognitive Model: This model states that abnormal functioning can result from cognitive problems like negative thinking and irrational behaviour. People may hold assumptions and attitudes about themselves that are irrational and inaccurate. People may also repeatedly think illogical ways and make over generalizations. They may draw broad, negative conclusions on the basis of a single insignificant event.
(d) The Humanistic-Existential Model: Humanists believe that human beings born with a natural tendency to be friendly, co-operative and constructive, and are driven to self-actualize, i.e., to fulfil this potential for goodness and growth. Existentialists believe that from birth we have total freedom to give meaning to our existence or to avoid that responsibility. Those who shrink from this responsibility would live empty, inauthentic and dysfunctional lives. According to humanists, obstacles in self-actualization cause mental disorder.
OR
Diathesis stress model: This model states that psychological disorders develop when a diathesis (biological aberration to the disorder) is set off by a stressful situation.
This model has three components:
(i) Presence of some biological aberration which may be inherited.
(ii) Diathesis may carry predisposition or vulnerability to develop a psychological disorder.
(iii) Presence of pathogenic stressors i.e. factors that may lead to psychopathology.
One of the examples can be of a family where the mother is suffering from schizophrenia and so the daughter has the vulnerability to it. Eventually, the stressor of her mother’s death due to suicide resulted in her also developing schizophrenia.
Section-F
Read the case and answer the questions that follow.
Malay, a student of Class IX, was referred to a mental health clinic with complaints of stealing money, excessive lying, setting fire to household items, teasing young girls of the locality, and passing lewd remarks and making obscene gestures. The onset was about three years ago and has increased over the past eight months. Of late, he has started using alcohol and spending more time outdoors with friends of similar interest. School reports suggested gradual development of inappropriate behaviours such as openly defying rules in school, playing truant, instigating fellow students to pass silly remarks in class, disrespectful attitude towards elders ultimately resulting in frequent school absenteeism, mixing with local goons and excessive aggression. Further investigation revealed that family history is disturbed, relationship with father was extremely hostile and there were frequent conflicts amongst the family members. Birth and developmental milestones are normal.
Question 31.
What are the day-to-day life instances that would help in referring the person to a mental health clinic? [1]
Answer:
Complaints of stealing money, excessive lying, setting fire to household items, teasing young girls of the locality, and passing lewd remarks and making obscene gestures.
Question 32.
Identify the disorder Malay is exhibiting. Distinguish it from Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). [2]
Answer:
Malay is exhibiting a serious type of behavioural disorder known as conduct disorder that occurs in children and teens. A child with this behaviour may display disruptive, disorderly, and rowdy behavior. Children with this disorder have problems in complying to the rules and regulations. They exhibit violation to the rules, violent, aggressive, and destructive behaviours.
Conduct disorder ADHD
(a) Conduct disorder is a behavioural disorder.
(b) Characterised by symptoms such as disruptive, violent, or aggressive behaviour.
ADHD
(a) ADHD is a neuro developmental disorder
(b) Characterised by symptoms such as inability to focus and follow instructions.
Read the case and answer the questions that follow.
Alfred Binet, in 1905, was requested by the French government to devise method by which students who experienced difficulty in school could be identified. Binet and his colleague, Theodore Simon, began developing questions that focused on areas not explicitly taught in schools those days, such as memory, attention skills related to problem solving. Using these questions, Binet determined which were the ones that served as the best predictors of school success. Binet quickly realised that some children were able to answer more advanced questions than older children were generally able to answer and vice versa. Based on this observation, Binet suggested the concept of-mental age ora measure of intelligence based on the average abilities of children ofa certain age group. This first intelligence test is referred to as the Binet-Simon Scale. He insisted that intelligence is influenced by many factors, it changes over time, and it can only be compared in children with similar backgrounds.
Question 33.
List down the areas that were not explicitly taught in school in earlier days but hold extreme importance in the lives of children. [1]
Answer:
Questions that focuses on areas are not explicitly taught in schools those days, such as memory, attention skills related to problem solving.
Question 34.
Identify the approach on which the Binet – Simon Intelligence Scale is based. Discuss its features. [2]
Answer:
It is based on the psychometric approach. It considers intelligence as an aggregate of abilities. It expresses an individual’s performance in terms of a single index of cognitive abilities.