Students can access the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science with Solutions and marking scheme Set 9 will help students in understanding the difficulty level of the exam.
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Set 9 with Solutions
Time Allowed: 3 hours
Maximum Marks: 80
General Instructions:
- The question paper consists of five sections (A, B, C, D, and E) with 30 questions in total.
- All questions are compulsory.
- Question numbers 1-12 are multiple choice questions of one mark each.
- Question numbers 13-18 are of 2 marks each. Answers to these questions should not exceed 50-60 words each.
- Question numbers 19-23 are of 4 marks each. Answers to these questions should not exceed 100-120 words each. There is an internal choice in two of the 4 marks questions
- Question numbers 24-26 are passage, cartoon and map-based questions. Answer accordingly.
- Question numbers 27-30 are of 6 marks each. Answers to these questions should not exceed 170-180 words.
- There is an internal choice in 6 marks questions.
Section-A (12 Marks)
Question 1.
Which one of the following statements was not a feature of the Soviet system? [1]
(a) A minimum standard of living was ensured to all citizens.
(b) The Soviet Government subsidized the basic necessities.
(c) There was no unemployment.
(d) People had the right to property.
Answer:
(d) People had the right to property.
Explanation:
Private ownership of enterprises and property had essentially remained illegal throughout the Soviet era, with Soviet communism emphasizing national control over all means of production but human labour
Question 2.
Majority of the members of the non-aligned countries were ………………. [1]
(a) Least Developed Countries
(b) Most Developed Countries
(c) Advanced Countries
(d) Eastern Asian Countries
Answer:
(a) Least Developed Countries
Explanation:
The majority of the members of the nonaligned nations were the least developed countries who did not want to join any power bloc.
Question 3.
What is the full form of OBC? [1]
(a) Other Backward Castes
(b) Other Backward Classes
(c) Other Below Classes
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(b) Other Backward Classes
Question 4.
The Punjab Accord of 1985 was signed between …………….. [1]
(a) Rajiv Gandhi and Harcharan Singh Longowal
(b) Rajiv Gandhi and Jarnail Singh
(c) Rajiv Gandhi and K.P.S. Gill
(d) Rajiv Gandhi and Karpoqri Thakur
Answer:
(a) Rajiv Gandhi and Harcharan Singh Longowal
Explanation:
The Punjab Accord was signed in the year 1985 between then-Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi and Harcharan Singh Longowal. These accords were directed towards bringing peace in Punjab.
Assertion Reason Questions: Directions for Q.No. 5 and 6
In the question given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read these statements and choose one correct answer from the given options. [1]
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
Question 5.
Assertion (A): The student movement in Bihar was led by Jayaprakash Narayan.
Reason (R): This movement was against the leadership of Bihar and Indira Gandhi at large. [1]
Answer:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
The protest movement in Bihar was led by Jayaprakash Narayan who gave the call for total revolution and this movement was directed towards the Bihar government and national government as well.
Question 6.
Assertion (A): Backward and Minority Communities Employees Federation was formed in 1978.
Reason (R): BAMCEF fought for the interests of SCs, STs, OBCs and other minority sections. [1]
Answer:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation:
BAMCEF was formed in the year 1978 and its purpose was to help the deprived sections by fighting for their rights.
Question 7.
The process of making colonised states free and independent from the rule of the colonizing country is called: …………….. [1]
(a) Decolonisation
(b) Decentralisation
(c) Delimitation
(d) Derationalisation
Answer:
(a) Decolonisation
Explanation:
The process by which colonies become independent of the colonizing country.
Question 8.
Sukarno was the first president of this country and was the founder member of NAM. Which is this country? [1]
(a) Indonesia
(b) Ghana
(c) Egypt
(d) Belgium
Answer:
(a) Indonesia
Explanation:
Sukarno was the first President of the nation of Indonesia who played a pivotal role in the establishment of NAM.
Question 9.
What is the full for of IAEA? [1]
(a) International Atomic Energy Association
(b) International Atomic Energetic Association
(c) International Atomic Energy Agency
(d) International Atomic Energetic Agency
Answer:
(c) International Atomic Energy Agency
Explanation:
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) was established in 1957. It came into being to implement US President Dwight Eisenhower’s “Atoms for Peace” proposal.
Question 10.
The border conflict between China and India in 1962 was principally over ………………. and ………………. region. [1]
(a) Aksai Chin and Tibet
(b) Aksai Chin and Arunachal
(c) Aksai Chin and Himachal
(d) Aksai Chin and Uttarakhand
Answer:
(b) Aksai Chin and Arunachal
Explanation:
The border conflicts between India and China was concerning the region of Aksai Chin and the border of Arunachal Pradesh.
Question 11.
The first Premiere of the People’s Republic of China, serving from October 1949 to January 1976 was: [1]
(a) Zhou Enlai
(b) Deng Xiaoping
(c)Xi Jinping
(d) Shinzo Abe
Answer:
(a) Zhou Enlai
Explanation:
Zhou Enlai was the premier of China who served from the October 1949 to January 1976.
Question 12.
Which revolution is associated with bumper production of milk and dairy products? [1]
(a) Green Revolution
(b) White Revolution
(c) Milk Revolution
(d) Dairy Revolution
Answer:
(b) White Revolution
Explanation:
The production of the milk was increased manifold with the starting of the white revolution.
Section-B (12 Marks)
Question 13.
Read the following statements made in August 1947:
“Today you have worn on your heads a crown of thorns. The seat of power is a nasty thing. You have to remain ever wakeful on that seat… you have to be more humble and forbearing…now there will be no end to your being tested.” —M. K. Gandhi
“India will awake to a light of freedom…we step out from the old to the new…we end today a period of ill-fortune and India discovers herself again. The achievements we celebrate today is but a step, an opening of opportunity…” —Jawaharlal Nehru
Spell out the agenda of nation building that flows from these statements. Which one appeals more to you and why? [2]
Answer:
The statements given by both M.K. Gandhi and Jawahar Lal Nehru enlighten the countrymen about the challenges ahead and focusing India towards democracy, freedom and sovereignty. Although both statements guide the citizens to the task that needs to be performed for the growth of a country, yet the statement of M.K. Gandhi is more appealing. This is because it jolts the hearts of the citizens to face and overcome the challenges that lie ahead. The statement of Jawahar Lal Nehru creates a false sense of self-sufficiency. Opinions may differ.
Question 14.
Which agency of UN was created during the Second world War in 1944? [2]
Answer:
The World Bank was created during the Second World War in 1944. It provides loans to developing countries.
It comprises of two institutions:
The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
The International Development Association (IDA).
Question 15.
State two features of the EU that makes it an influential organization. [2]
Answer:
The two features of the EU that makes it an influential organization are:
(i) EU has evolved over a time from just an economic union to also a political union. It has its own flag, anthem, founding date and currency.
(ii) It’s share of world trade is much larger than that of the United States allowing it to be more assertive in trade disputes with the US and China.
Question 16.
What was the major thrust of the First Five-Year Plan? In what ways did the Second Plan differ from the first one? [2]
Answer:
The two areas of focus under the First Five Year Plan were:
(i) Land reforms in rural areas.
(ii) Slow but steady growth of the National Income.
The main points of difference between the First Plan and the Second Plan were:
(i) The First Plan focused on land reforms in rural areas, whereas the Second Plan focused on industrialisation in rural areas.
(ii) The First Plan focused on slow but steady growth of National Income, whereas the Second Plan focused on rapid industrialisation for overall growth of the economy.
Question 17.
What led to inter-ethnic civil war in Yugoslavia in the 1990’s? [2]
Answer:
(i) After 1991, Yugoslavia broke apart with several provinces like Croatia, Slovenia and Bosnia and Herzegovina declaring independence.
(ii) Ethnic Serbs opposed this, and a massacre of non-Serb Bosnians followed.
(iii) The NATO intervention and the bombing of Yugoslavia followed the inter-ethnic civil war.
Question 18.
What were some of the negative consequences of the partition? [2]
Answer:
Though the Partition of British India was foreseen, yet it resulted in the largest, most tragic and highly unplanned partition of a nation. It resulted in communal riots between Hindus and Muslims, torture and mass killing of people, separation of families, increase in number of refugees on both sides of the border, economic recession, unemployment, poverty, etc.
Section-C (20 Marks)
Question 19.
What is worldwide interconnectedness? What are its components?
OR
What is the impact of globalization on state’s sovereignty? [4]
Answer:
The world wide interconnectedness implies to interlink the world through free flow of goods and services, technology, ideas and people across the globe to extend globalisation. This contains three components:
(i) Capital flow: It is the flow of resources through loans or business investments among the countries.
(ii) Trade flow: It refers to exchange of goods among countries.
(iii) Labour flow: It refers to ‘brain drain’ by creating favourable conditions for employment.
OR
(i) Globalisation reduces state capacity i.e., the ability of governments to do what they want to do.
(ii) Market becomes the prime determinant to define economic and social priorities.
(iii) Multinational companies affect on decision taken by governments because their own interest fulfillment depends on government policies.
(iv) The old welfare state is now giving way to a more minimalist state to perform certain core functions as maintenance of law and order and security.
Question 20.
Explain global poverty and health epidemics as the new sources of threats to security. [4]
Answer:
Global poverty and health epidemics are the new sources of threat to security:
(i) Global poverty is a new source of threat to security. Population is expected to triple in the next 50 years. Whereas many rich countries will see population decline in that period. High per capita income and low population growth make rich state getting richer and low income and high population growth reinforce each other to make poor states get poorer.
(ii) Health epidemics such as HIV-AIDS, bird flu, SARS have rapidly spread across countries through migration, business, tourism and military operation late in 1990s. Britain had lost billions of dollars of income during an outbreak of the mad cow disease.
Question 21.
‘Despite their differences, India and Bangladesh do cooperate on many issues.’ Justify.
OR
Explain the process of establishing democracy in Nepal. [4]
Answer:
Despite having differences, India and Bangladesh have cooperated and collaborated on several issues. Such as:
(i) Economic relations have improved considerably in the last 20 years. between India and Bangladesh.
(ii) Bangladesh is a part of India’s Look East (Act East since 2014) policy that wants to link up with Southeast Asia via Myanmar.
(iii) On disaster management and environmental issues, the two states have cooperated regularly.
(iv) In 2015, they exchanged certain enclaves. Efforts are on to broaden the areas of cooperation further by identifying common threats and being more sensitive to each other’s needs.
OR
Nepal was a Hindu Kingdom and then a constitutional monarchy.
1. In 1990, the King accepted the demand for a new democratic Constitution, but democratic government could not survive longer and was in trouble.
2. There was a violent conflict between the maoist and the armed forces of the king.
3. In 2002, the king abolished the Parliament, dismissed the government and limited the democracy in Nepal.
4. In 2006, there was a massive pro-democracy protest led by SPA.
5. King was forced to restore the house of representatives dissolved in 2002
6. Transition to democracy is still under progress.
Question 22.
Examine the legacy of Emergency of 1975 in India. [4]
Answer:
The legacy of the 1975 Emergency in India is felt as:
(i) From 1977 to 1980, Congress ideology was changed to be as the only socialist and pro-poor party of the country.
(ii) The opposition got the idea and concept of non-Congressism.
(iii) The Constitutional crises a rose whereby process of amendment of Constitution was modified.
(iv) The Political crises arose as the party in dominance was forced to impose Emergency against public interest.
(v) The political party system was changed due to tension on the concept that Indian Democracy is Institution Based Democracy.
Question 23.
Define the following terms: [4]
i. Confidence Building Measures (CBMs)
ii. Arms Control
iii. Alliance
iv. Disarmament
Answer:
(i) Confidence Building Measures (CBMs)- A process of exchanging information on defence matters between nations on a regular basis.
(ii) Arms Control- Regulates the acquisition of development of weapons.
(iii) Alliance- A coalition of nations meant to deter or defend against military attacks.
(iv) Disarmament- Giving up certain types of weapons.
Section-D (12 Marks)
Question 24.
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: International Organisations (IOs) are formal institutional structures transcending national boundaries which are created by multilateral agreement among nation-states. Their purpose is to foster international cooperation in areas such as: security, law, economic, social matters and diplomacy. IOs are subdivided between Intergovernmental Organisations (IGOs) and Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs). Intergovernmental Organisations are entities created with sufficient organisational structure and autonomy to provide formal, ongoing, multilateral processes of decision making between states, along with the capacity to execute the collective of their member (states). NGOs are non-state voluntary organisations formed by individuals to achieve a common purpose, often oriented beyond themselves or to the public good. The development and expansion of these large representative bodies date back to the end of World War II, where there was a need for world reconstruction through International Relations. Since then, there has been an incremental rise of organisations that work on different socio-political and economic aspects with various and specific aims in approaching states, societies, groups and individuals. Based on these key definitions, it is an attempt to explain how important are IOs and the extent to which they have an impact on global politics and international relations through an analysis of two main IR scholar theories namely Realism and Liberalism. Moreover, to understand the impact of IOs, these theories will be explored and analysed through contexts of different and conflicting realist and liberalists thinkers upon their view on these institutional structures. It will also distinguish and compare the two theories and determine which is more relevant to the contemporary world international relations. [1+1+1+1]
(i) What is the purpose of International Organisations?
(a) To foster economic ties of the developed nations
(b) To foster international cooperation
(c) To eradicate terrorism
(d) To foster health care
Answer:
(b) To foster international cooperation
(ii) What are the sub-divisions of International Organisations?
(a) State-governmental and Non-governmental
(b) Private and Public
(c) Governmental and Public
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(d) None of the above
(iii) When can we find the development and expansion of these organisations?
(a) At the end of First World War
(b) At the beginning of Second World War
(c) At the end of Second World War
(d) In 2003
Answer:
(c) At the end of Second World War
(iv) Which two main IR scholar theories are mentioned here?
(a) Realism and Liberalism
(b) Capitalism and Socialism
(c) Feminism and Humanism
(d) Human Rights and Welfare
Answer:
(a) Realism and Liberalism
Question 25.
In the outline political map of India given below, five states have been marked as A, B, C and D. With the help of the information given below, identify them and write their correct names in your answer book along with the serial number of the information used and the related alphabet in the map. [1+1+1+1]
(i) The state to which C. Rajagopalachari, the first Indian Governor-General of India belonged.
(ii) The state where the first Non-Congress government was formed by E. M. S. Namboodiripad.
(iii) The state to which Rafi Ahmed Kidwai, The Union Minister for Food and Agriculture (1952-1954) belonged.
(iv) The state which faced the most acute food crisis in 1965-1967.
Answer:
Corresponding Numbers Answers Corresponding alphabets
(i) Tamil Nadu D
(ii) Kerala C
(iii) Uttar Pradesh B
(iv) Bihar A
Question 26.
Study the given Cartoon and answer the questions that follow:
(i) What message does this cartoon convey? [1]
(ii) Which year and event does this cartoon depict? [2]
(iii) Did this event strain the Indo-China relationship? [1]
Answer:
(i) This cartoon depicts the persisting Indo-China tensions between the two countries.
(ii) Year: 1962; Event: Chinese invasion.
(iii) Yes, this event strained the relationship as more information came in about the suppression of the Tibetan culture and the Indian Government grew uneasy.
Section-E (24 Marks)
Question 27.
Mention the rights of the indigenous people. [6]
OR
Discuss the causes that led to the full-scale confrontation between India and Pakistan in 1971?
Answer:
(i) Indigenous people speak of their struggles, agenda and fights through social movements.
(ii) Their voices in world politics call for the admission of indigenous people to the world community as equals.
(iii) Many of the present-day island states in the Oceania region (including Australia, New Zealand) were inhabited by various indigenous people over the course of a show for thousands of years.
(iv) Indigenous people appeal to the government to create indigenous nations with an identity of their own.
(v) The World Council of indigenous people was formed in 1975. The council became the first of 11 indigenous NGOs to receive consultative status in the UN.
OR
Following circumstances were responsible for a full-scale war between India and Pakistan on the issue of liberation of Bangladesh in Dec-1971:
(i) Under military rule of General Yahya Khan, the Pakistan army tried to suppress the mass movement of the Bengali people and arrested Sheikh Mujibur Rehman of the Awami League.
(ii) This led to large-scale migration of people into India that led to an economic and social crisis in India.
(iii) The government of India supported the demand of the people of East Pakistan for their independence.
(iv) The government of India helped them financially and militarily.
(v) Due to a rise in the involvement of India in the freedom movement of the Bangladesh, India came in a conflict with Pakistan and this resulted in a war between India and Pakistan in December, 1971.
(vi) India managed to defeat Pakistan in approximately fifteen days and led to the liberation of East Pakistan that came to be known as the Bangladesh.
Question 28.
How far is it correct to describe ASEAN as a new Centre of power in the world? [6]
OR
What are some of the factors that have led to the failure of permanent democracy in the state of Pakistan?
Answer:
While evolving regional solutions to their historical enmities and weaknesses, ASEAN have developed alternative institutions and conventions that build a more peaceful and cooperative regional order and have transformed the countries in the region into prosperous economies.
(i) ASEAN is rapidly growing into a very important regional organization. Its Vision 2020 has defined an outward-looking role for ASEAN in the international community.
(ii) It has followed a policy of negotiations over conflicts in the region. ASEAN has mediated the end of the Cambodian conflict, the East Timor crisis, and meets annually to discuss East Asian cooperation.
(iii) The current economic strength of ASEAN, especially its economic relevance as a trading and investment partner to the growing Asian economies makes this an attractive proposition.
(iv) India has signed FTAs with two ASEAN members, Singapore and Thailand.
(v) ASEAN’s strength lies in its policies of interaction and consultation with member states, with dialogue partners, and with other non-regional organisations.
(vi) It is the only regional association in Asia that provides a political forum where Asian countries and the major powers can discuss political and security concerns.
OR
Factors that have contributed to Pakistan’s failure in building a stable democracy:
(i) The social dominance of the military, clergy and land-owning aristocracy has led to the frequent overthrow of elected governments and the establishment of military government.
(ii) Pakistan’s conflicts with India have made the pro-military groups more powerful and have justified the army’s stay in power.
(iii) The United States and other Western Countries have encouraged the military’s authoritarian rule due to fear of Global Islamic Terrorism’ and fear that Pakistan’s nuclear arsenal might fall into the hands of the terrorist groups.
(iv) The lack of political will of the civilian parties to bring development to Pakistan and their indulgence in the politics of corruption and appeasement.
(v) The support for the terrorist activities against India which needs the involvement of the army.
(vi) The presence of weak democratic institutions of the country is also responsible for the lack of democracy in the country.
Question 29.
As a citizen of India, how would you support India’s candidature for the permanent membership of the Security Council? Justify your proposal. [6]
OR
What is the difference between traditional and non-traditional security? Which category would the creation and sustenance of alliance belong to?
Answer:
Following points may be cited for supporting India’s candidature for the permanent membership of the Security Council:
(i) India is now the most populous country in the world comprising almost one-fifth of the world population.
(ii) India is the largest democracy in the world.
(iii) India has participated in virtually all of the initiatives of the UN.
(iv) India’s economic emergence on the world stage is another factor that perhaps justifies India’s claim to a permanent seat in the Security Council.
(v) India has also made regular financial contributions to the UN and never faltered on its payments.
(vi) India’s role in the UN’s peacekeeping efforts is a long and substantial one.
India is aware that permanent membership of the Security Council also has symbolic importance.
It signifies a country’s growing importance in world affairs. The greater status is an advantage to a country in the conduct of its foreign policy, the reputation for being powerful makes one more influential.
OR
Traditional Security:
(i) In the traditional notion of security, the greatest danger to a country is from military threats.
(ii) The threat to traditional security is another country which by threatening military action endangers the core values of sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity.
(iii) The traditional notion of security is also concerned with balance of power and alliance building.
(iv) Traditional security is also concerned with internal security.
(v) In traditional security, there is recognition that cooperation in limiting violence is possible.
(vi) It also includes other types of cooperation like, disarmament, arms control and confidence building.
Non-traditional Security:
(i) Non-traditional notions of security go beyond military threats to include a wide range of threats and dangers affecting the conditions of human existence.
(ii) Non-traditional view of security is concerned with human security or global security.
(iii) Human security is about the protection of people more than the protection of states.
(iv) Non-traditional notions include hunger, disease and natural disasters as threats.
(v) Terrorism is a new source of non-traditional threat as it refers to political violence that targets civilians deliberately and indiscriminately.
(vi) Poverty has also been recognised as a new threat as in the South it has led to large-scale migration to seek a better life, especially better economic opportunities in the North.
Creation and sustenance of alliance belongs to traditional notion of security.
Question 30.
Describe the three major issues in the North-Eastern States of India. [6]
OR
The Assam Movement from 1979 to 1985 is the best example of the movements against ‘outsiders’. Support the statement with suitable arguments.
Answer:
At the time of independence, the entire region except Manipur and Tripura comprised the State of Assam. Demands for political autonomy arose when the non-Assamese felt that the Assam government was imposing Assamese language on them.
(i) Secessionist movements: Demands for autonomy were easier to respond to, for these involved using the various provisions in the Constitution for accommodation of diversities. It was much more difficult when some groups demanded a separate country.
(ii) Movements against outsiders: The large scale migration into the North-East gave rise to a special kind of problem that pitched the ‘local’ communities against people who were seen as ‘outsiders’ or migrants.
OR
The Assam Movement or the Assam Agitation (1979–1985) led by All Assam Students Union (AASU) and the ‘All Assam Gana Sangram Parishad’ (AAGSP) was a popular uprising to drive out the illegal immigrants from Bangladesh.
(i) The movement ended with the signing of the Assam Accord by leaders of AASU-AAGSP and the Government of India under PM Rajiv Gandhi.
(ii) During this period of six long years of the historic movement, reportedly, 855 people (later on 860 according to AASU reports) sacrificed their lives in the hope of an “infiltration free Assam” in the 1979–1985.
(iii) The Assam Accord (1985) was a Memorandum of Settlement (MoS) was signed between representatives of the Government of India and the leaders of the Assam Movement in New Delhi on 15 August 1985.
(iv) The fundamental aspect of the Assam Accord was: foreigners who came to Assam on or after March 25, 1971 shall continue to be detected; deleted and practical steps shall be taken to expel such foreigners.
(v) Post 1985, Assam witnessed a multiple change of governments; from the Indian National Congress to the Assam Gana Parishad and finally the BJP’s maiden entry in 2016 with CM Sarbananda Sonowal at the helm, an erstwhile member of AASU who also signed the Assam Accord.