Students can access the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science with Solutions and marking scheme Set 7 will help students in understanding the difficulty level of the exam.
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Set 7 with Solutions
Time Allowed: 3 hours
Maximum Marks: 80
General Instructions:
- The question paper consists of five sections (A, B, C, D, and E) with 30 questions in total.
- All questions are compulsory.
- Question numbers 1-12 are multiple choice questions of one mark each.
- Question numbers 13-18 are of 2 marks each. Answers to these questions should not exceed 50-60 words each.
- Question numbers 19-23 are of 4 marks each. Answers to these questions should not exceed 100-120 words each. There is an internal choice in two of the 4 marks questions
- Question numbers 24-26 are passage, cartoon and map-based questions. Answer accordingly.
- Question numbers 27-30 are of 6 marks each. Answers to these questions should not exceed 170-180 words.
- There is an internal choice in 6 marks questions.
Section-A (12 Marks)
Question 1.
Which of the following countries is NOT considered part of the Balkan States? [1]
(a) Albania
(b) Greece
(c) Croatia
(d) Kazakhstan
Answer:
(d) Kazakhstan
Explanation:
Kazakhstan
Question 2.
Arrange the following in a chronological order : [1]
(i) End of the Second World War
(ii) Disintegration of the USSR
(iii) Fall of the Berlin Wall
(iv) Indo-Russian 10 years Strategic Agreement
Choose the correct option:
(a) (i), (ii), (iii) (iv)
(b) (i), (iii), (ii), (iv)
(c) (i), (iv), (ii), (iii)
(d) (i), (iv), (iii), (ii)
Answer:
(b) (i), (iii), (ii), (iv)
Explanation:
(i) End of Second World War → 1945
(ii) Fall of Berlin wall → 9 Nov 1989
(iii) Disintegration of USSR → 1991
(iv) Indo-Russian 10 years agreement → 1997
Question 3.
The first Home Minister and Deputy Prime Minister of India was ……………. [1]
(a) Sardar Patel
(b) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
(c) Abdul Ghaffar Khan
(d) C.R. Das
Answer:
(a) Sardar Patel
Explanation:
The first Home Minister and the Deputy Prime Minister of India was Sardar Patel.
Question 4.
What is the full for of IAEA? [1]
(a) International Atomic Energy Association
(b) International Atomic Energetic Association
(c) International Atomic Energy Agency
(d) International Atomic Energetic Agency
Answer:
(c) International Atomic Energy Agency
Explanation:
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) was established in 1957. It came into being to implement US President Dwight Eisenhower’s “Atoms for Peace” proposal.
Assertion Reason Questions: Directions for Q. Nos. 5 and 6:
In the question given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read these statements and choose one correct answer from the given options.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
Question 5.
Assertion (A): The Maoist movements started from the regions of West Bengal. [1]
Reason (R): The Maoist movements expanded to Gujarat and Maharashtra.
Answer:
(c) A is true, but R is false
Explanation:
The beginning of the Maoist movement took place from the Naxalbari village in Darjeeling, West Bengal. It did not spread to states of Gujarat and Maharashtra.
Question 6.
Assertion (A): The communist leaders in India were willing to support the British in World War II. [1]
Reason (R): The political ideology of Communists and Bhartiya Jana Sangh was the same.
Answer:
(c) A is true, but R is false
Explanation:
The Communist party was in support of the British during the World War II as it was against the ideology of Fascism. However, its ideology was completely different from Bharatiya Jana Sangh.
Question 7.
Which conference led to the establishment of NAM? [1]
(a) Istanbul Conference
(b) Bandung Conference
(c) Cairo Conference
(d) Minsk Conference
Answer:
(b) Bandung Conference
Explanation:
The first informal conference of the NAM took place in the place called Bandung. However, the first official meeting of the bloc took place in Belgrade in Serbia.
Question 8.
Which of the following leaders gave the slogan: Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan. [1]
(a) Lai Bahadur Shastri
(b) Jawahar Lai Nehru
(c) Indira Gandhi
(d) Morarji Desai
Answer:
(a) Lai Bahadur Shastri
Explanation:
Lal Bahadur Shastri after becoming the Prime Minister of India gave the slogan Jai Jawan Jai Kisan.
Question 9.
Who is serving as the ninth Secretary-General of the United Nations? [1]
(a) Boutros Boutros-Ghali
(b) Javier Perez de Cuellar
(c) Antonio Manuel de Oliveira Guterres
(d) Dag Hammarskjold
Answer:
(c) Antonio Manuel de Oliveira Guterres
Explanation:
António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres: former Prime Minister of Portugal
Question 10.
Under the leadership of Mufti Mohammad Sayeed and a coalition with Congress, which of the following political party formed government in the 2002 in Jammu and Kashmir? [1]
(a) National Conference
(b) People’s Democratic Party
(c) People Party
(d) Trinamool Congress
Answer:
(b) People’s Democratic Party
Explanation:
The Congress and PDP formed the coalition government in Jammu and Kashmir in the year 2002.
Question 11.
The …………………. Commission had recommended reservation for OBCs in Central and State governments. [1]
(a) S.K Dhar
(b) Mandal
(c) K.C. Neogy
(d) Rajmannar
Answer:
(b) Mandal
Explanation:
The Mandal Commission recommended to provide 27 per cent reservation to the OBCs which was accepted by the V.P. Singh government.
Question 12.
The Gujarat student movement in 1973-1974 was primarily driven by: [1]
(a) Political corruption
(b) Educational reforms
(c) Caste-based discrimination
(d) Economic inequality
Answer:
(b) Educational reforms
Explanation:
Educational reforms
Section-B (12 Marks)
Question 13.
What are the three components of globalisation? [2]
Answer:
The worldwide interconnectedness implies to interlink the world through free flow of goods and services, technology, ideas and people across the globe to extend globalisation. This contains three components:
(i) Capital flow: It is the flow of resources through loans or business investments among the countries.
(ii) Trade flow: It refers to exchange of goods among countries.
(iii) Labour flow: It refers to ‘brain drain’ by creating favourable conditions for employment.
Question 14.
“There were many conflicts between the government and the judiciary”. Justify this statement in the Indian context.[2]
Answer:
The government has made several amendments in the Constitution over the years. Some of the major changes made by the Government are:
Fundamental rights curtailed.
Abolition of private property under the 44th Ammendment Act.
Tried to give more power to directive principles than fundamental rights.
However, the Judiciary has different perspectives and this has resulted in disagreements between the Government and the Judiciary in India.
Question 15.
Mention any four Directive Principles of State Policy for the promotion of international peace and security. [2]
Answer:
According to the Directive Principles of State Policy, the state shall endeavour to:
(i) Promote international peace and security.
(ii) Maintain just and honourable relations between nations.
(iii) Foster respect for international law and treaty obligations in the dealings of organised people with one another.
(iv) Encourage settlement of international disputes by arbitrations.
Question 16.
Why did the Muslim League demanded a separate nation for the Muslims? [2]
Answer:
According to Jinnah and his Two Nation Theory, the decisions made by Hindus would not always be in favour of Muslims. Moreover, there could be a politics of discrimination towards Muslims. Hence, he advocated the demand of a separate nation for Muslims.
Question 17.
What is UNICEF? What are some of its functions? [2]
Answer:
(i) The United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) was established in 1946 by the United Nations General Assembly as a body whose main task was to collect emergency funds for children and to help in their development work all across the world.
(ii) Apart from this, UNICEF helps and encourages the works that promote children’s health and better life in all parts of the world.
Question 18.
What are the negative impacts of terrorism? [2]
Answer:
(i) The most immediate and measurable impact of terrorism is physical destruction. Acts of terrorism cause irreparable loss to lives and properties and the affected people face immense trauma. Terrorists destroy existing factories, machines, transportation systems, workers, and other economic resources.
(ii) Closing down of borders due to terrorism to trade and immigrant workers reduces the size and diversity of economic transactions and limits productive resources.
Section-C (20 Marks)
Question 19.
Describe any four steps taken by Indira Gandhi to implement the ‘Garibi Hatao’ Programme. [4]
Answer:
Following were the steps taken by Indira Gandhi to implement the Garibi Hatao Programme:-
(i) Job opportunities were provided to the public in very easy steps, so as to increase the financial power of unemployed people. This reduced unemployment in the nation.
(ii) Garibi Hatao was also added into the 4th Five years plan of government. In this way, this policy became the supreme motive of the government.
(iii) This programme was designed to reach out directly to poor and marginalised. The mediators in the system were removed.
(iv) This policy promoted the educational, employment and economic interest of the weaker sections of the people particularly the SC’s, ST’s and the OBC’s.
Question 20.
Explain the relations between India and Bhutan. [4]
Answer:
(i)India and Bhutan have been sharing ties since 1910 when Bhutan became a protectorate of British India, allowing the British to “guide” its foreign affairs and defence.
(ii) Besides sharing a 699 kilometres border, India and Bhutan also share deep religious-cultural links. Guru Padmasambhava, a Buddhist saint played an influential role in spreading Buddhism and cementing traditional ties between people in both nations.
(iii) Diplomatic relations between India and Bhutan were established in 1968 with the establishment of a Special Office of India in Thimphu (capital of Bhutan).
(iv) The basis of India- Bhutan bilateral relations was the Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation signed in 1949 between the two countries, which was revised in February 2007. Bhutan and India enjoy strong bonds of friendship based on genuine goodwill, trust and mutually beneficial cooperation.
Question 21.
Highlight any four consequences of the partition of India in 1947. [4]
Answer:
The partition of India in 1947 was an abrupt, unwanted, painful transfer of population that had the following consequences:
(i) In the name of religion, people from communities started killing and maiming each other. Places like Kolkata, Amritsar, Lahore became divided into communal zones.
(ii) Minorities on both sides fled their homes to seek refuge in refugee camps. They found police and administration unhelpful in what was until recently their own country.
(iii) Women were abducted, many were raped, killed, looted, forced to marry and women were also forced to convert to another religion. Children were separated from their parents and families.
(iv) Writers, novelists, filmmakers, etc. have recorded the experiences of partition in short stories, novels, documentaries, etc. They have used the phrase ‘A Division of Hearts’ describe partition.
Question 22.
As the UN Completed 60 years of its existence, the heads of all the member states met in September 2005 to celebrate the anniversary and review the present world situation. The leaders in this meeting proposed some proposals to make the UN more relevant in the changing context. List the proposals framed in this meeting. [4]
OR
Suggest any four reforms required to make the United Nations more effective.
Answer:
- Creation of a Peacebuilding Commission
- Acceptance of the responsibility of the international community in case of failures of national governments to protect their own citizens from atrocities
- Establishment of a Human Rights Council (operational since 19 June 2006)
- Agreements to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
- Condemnation of terrorism in all its forms and manifestations
- Creation of a Democracy Fund
- An agreement to wind up the Trusteeship Council.
Question 23.
Explain any four environmental concerns that have become issues of Global Politics. [4]
OR
What is the impact of globalization on state’s sovereignty?
Answer:
(a) Cultivatable area is not expanding.
(b) Scarcity of safe drinking water.
(c) Deforestation
(d) Depletion of ozone layer, decline in the total amount of ozone.
(e) Global warming
Detailed Answer:
Some environmental concerns that have become issues of global polities are:
(a) Natural resources are being depleted, i.e., cultivable area has not been sustained any more, agricultural land lost fertility and grasslands have been overgrazed.
(b) Water bodies have suffered both depletion and pollution.
(c) A steady decline in ozone layer also poses a threat to ecosystem and human health.
(d) Natural forests stabilise the climate, moderate water supply and provide habitat to various species which are also being lost causing destruction to biodiversity through industrial pollution, etc.
(e) Due to land based activities, coastal pollution is also increasing which affects fisheries.
OR
Some of the impacts of Globalization on state’s sovereignty are:
(i)Globalisation reduces state capacity i.e., the ability of governments to do what they want to do.
(ii)Market becomes the prime determinant to down economic and social priorities.
(iii)Multinational companies effect on decision taken by governments because their own interest fulfillment depends on government policies.
(iv)The old welfare state is now giving way to a more minimalist state to perform certain core functions as maintenance of law and order and security.
Section-D (12 Marks)
Question 24.
Read the following paragraph and answer the questions that follow:
Article 244 of the Indian Constitution relates to the Administration of Scheduled areas and tribal areas. Analyse the impact of non-implementation of the provisions of the fifth schedule on the growth of Left Wing Extremism. The persisting drives of the government for development of large industries in backward areas have resulted in isolating the tribal population and the farmers who face multiple displacements with Malkangiri and Naxalbari foci, discuss the corrective strategies needed to win the left-wing extremism (LWE) doctrine affected citizens back into the mainstream of social and economic growth. India’s proximity to two of the world’s biggest illicit opium growing states has enhanced her internal security concerns. Data security has assumed significant importance in the digitized world due to rising cybercrimes. The Justice B. N. Srikrishna Committee Report addresses issues related to data security. What, in your view, are the strengths and weakness of the Report relating to the protection of personal data in cyberspace? [1+1+1+1]
1. What is Article 244?
(a) It is to counter growing terrorism and anti-social activities in India
(b) It is about Administration of Scheduled areas and tribal areas
(c) It is to counter the problem of extremism
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(b) It is about Administration of Scheduled areas and tribal areas
2. What is the result of large scale industrialization in backward areas?
(a) Isolation of the tribal people
(b) Employment generation in the backward areas
(c) Resulted in a threat to the livelihood of the tribal people
(d) Resulted in the exhaustion of the natural resources of these areas
Answer:
(a) Isolation of the tribal people
3. What has raised security concerns for India?
(a) Communalism
(b) Extremism
(c) India’s proximity to opium-growing states
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(c) India’s proximity to opium-growing states
4. Which committee’s report addresses the issues related to data security?
(a) Mandal Committee
(b) N. Srikrishna Committee
(c) Shrinivasan Committee
(d) Cyber Crime Committee
Answer:
(b) N. Srikrishna Committee
Question 25.
In the given outline map of India, five states have been marked as (A), (B), (C) and (D). Identify them on the basis of the information given below and write their correct names in your answer book with their respective serial number of the information used and the alphabet concerned as per the following format: [1+1+1+1]
(i) The State from which Haryana was carved out.
(ii) The State which was created in 1963.
(iii) The State which was formed by separating Telugu speaking areas from Madras (now Tamil Nadu).
(iv) The State where the Communist Party Government was formed in 1957.
| Sr. Number for the information used | Alphabet Concerned | Name of the state |
| (i) | ||
| (ii) | ||
| (iii) | ||
| (iv) |
Answer:
Corresponding Numbers: Answers: Corresponding alphabets:
(i) Punjab C
(ii) Nagaland A
(iii) Andhra Pradesh D
(iv) Kerala B
Question 26.
Study the given Cartoon and answer the questions that follow: [1+1+1+1]
a. What elections are referred to in this cartoon?
b. Who is the lady standing? Why is she so happy?
c. Who is the winner in these elections?
d. Identify the person lying on the ground.
Answer:
(i) It represents the Presidential elections of 1969.
(ii) The lady is Indira Gandhi and she is pleased as her nominee had won the presidential elections.
(iii) V. V. Giri
(iv) N. Sanjeeva Reddy
Section-E (24 Marks)
Question 27.
What was Shock therapy? Was this the best way to make a transition from communism to capitalism? [6]
OR
Describe the role of Gorbachev to reform the Soviet System and the effects of these reforms on the USSR.
Answer:
Shock therapy was a painful transition which came into existence after the collapse of communism in many communist countries. The shock therapy was a painful process of transition from an authoritarian socialist system to a democratic capitalist system. The model of transition in Russia, Central Asia and east Europe was influenced by the World Bank and the IMF. This therapy varied intensity and speed amongst the former second world countries, but its direction and features were quite similar.
No, the Shock Therapy was not the best way to make a transition from communism to capitalism because of the following reasons.
(A) Each of the countries involved in the Shock Therapy was required to make a total shift to a capitalist economy, which meant rooting out completely any structures evolved during the Soviet period.
(B) Shock therapy also involved a drastic change in the external orientation of the countries involved.
(C) The transition also involved a breakup of the existing trade alliances among the countries of the Soviet bloc.
(D) In Russia, the large state-controlled industrial complex of about 90 % of its industries were put up for sale to private individuals and companies.
(E) As the work of the restructuring was carried out through market forces and not by government directed industrial policies, it led to the virtual disappearance of entire industries and this was called ‘the largest garage sale in history’.
(F) The value of the ruble, the Russian currency, declined drastically.
(G) The high rate of inflation forced the people to lose all their savings.
(H) The old system of social welfare was systematically destroyed.
(I) The withdrawal of government subsidies rendered poverty to large sections of the people.
(J) The middle classes were pushed to the periphery of society and the academic and intellectual manpower disintegrated or migrated.
(K) A Mafia came into existence into many countries and started controlling many economic activities.
(L) Privatisation led to new economic disparities and post-Soviet states were divided between rich and poor regions.
The above-mentioned points are sufficient to illustrate that the Shock Therapy was not the best way to make a transition from communism to capitalism. It failed to lead the people into the promised utopia of mass consumption.
OR
Role of Gorbachev to reform the Soviet System. Gorbachev initiated:
(i) The policies of economic and political reforms-
(a) Perestroika (restructuring)
(b) Glasnost–(Openness)
(ii) The action to end the arms race with the US.
(iii) The withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan and Eastern Europe.
Detailed Answer:
Gorbachev initiated the policies of economic and political reform and democratisation within the country. These reforms were known as Perestroika and Glasnost. The reforms were opposed by leaders within the Communist Party.
Gorbachev initiated:
(i) The policies of economic and political reforms-
(a) Perestroika (restructuring)
(b) Glasnost–(Openness)
(ii) To stop the arms race wtih the US.
(iii) The withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan and Eastern Europe.
When Gorbachev carried out these reforms and loosened the system, he set in motion forces and expectations that few could have predicted and became virtually impossible to control.
There were sections of Soviet society which felt that Gorbachev should have moved much faster and they got disappointed and impatient with his methods.
The policies of Gorbachev led to the rise of nationalism and the desire for sovereignty within various republics including Russia and the Baltic Republics, Ukraine, Georgia and others proved to be the final and led to the disintegration of the USSR.
Question 28.
Assess the three major factors responsible for the rise of the Chinese economy. [6]
OR
The peace and prosperity of countries lay in establishment and strengthening of regional economic”organisations”. Justify this statement.
Answer:
(i) China has been the fastest growing economy.
(ii) Second Biggest population in the world.
(iii) Land reforms and the resources have also promoted Chinese economy.
(iv) The Soviet model, along with Soviet aid and advise, aimed at creating state owned heavy industries from the capital accumulated from agriculture sector.
(v) China decided to substitute imports by domestic goods.
Detailed Answer:
After the inception of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, following the communist revolution under the leadership of Mao, its economy was based on the Soviet model. The economically backward communist China chose to severe its links with the capitalist world. The model was to create a state owned heavy industries sector from the capital accumulated from agriculture. As it was short of foreign exchange that it needed in order to buy technology and goods on the world market, China decided to substitute imports by domestic goods.
(A) The model allowed China to use its resources to establish the foundations of an industrial economy on a scale that did not exist before.
(B) The Chinese leadership took major policy decisions in the 1970s. China ended its political and economic isolation with establishment of relations with the United States in 1972.
(C) Premier Zhou Enlai proposed the ‘four modernisations’ in the field of agriculture, industry, science and technology and military in 1973.
(D) By 1978, the then leader Deng Xiaoping announced the ‘open door’ policy and economic reforms in China. The policy was expected to generate higher productivity by investments of capital and technology from abroad.
(E) China followed its own path in introducing a market economy. The Chinese did not go for ‘Shock Therapy’ but opened their economy step by step. The privatisation of agriculture was followed by the privatisation of industry in 1998.
(F) Trade barriers were removed only in Special Economic Zones where foreign investors could set up enterprises.
(G) In China, the state played and continues to play a central role in setting up a market economy.
(H) All these factors helped the Chinese economy to break from stagnation.
(I) Privatisation in agriculture led to a remarkable rise in agricultural production and rural incomes.
(J) The Chinese economy, including both industry and agriculture, grew at a faster rate.
(K) The new trading laws and the creation of Special Economic Zones led to a phenomenal rise in foreign trade.
OR
The statement can be well justified with the formation of the ASEAN.
Before and during the Second World War, the south-eastern region of Asia suffered the economic and political consequences of repeated colonialism, both European and Japanese. At the end of the War, the region confronted problems of nation-building, the ravages of poverty and economic backwardness and pressure to align with one great power or another during the Cold War. Craving for peace and prosperity, countries of this region–Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand signed Bangkok Declaration establishing the ASEAN.
ASEAN is rapidly growing into a very important regional organisation. Its Vision 2020 has defined an outward-looking role for ASEAN in the international community. This builds on the existing ASEAN policy to encourage negotiation over conflicts in the region. Thus ASEAN has mediated the end of the Cambodian conflict, the East Timor crisis and meets annually to discuss East Asian co-operation.
Question 29.
Is Nepal on the path of democracy? Give suitable reasons to support your answer. [6]
OR
Explain the ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka and any two consequences of it.
Answer:
Nepal was a Hindu kingdom in the past and then a constitutional monarchy in modern period for many years. The king with the help of the army, retained full control over the government and restricted the expansion of democracy in Nepal.
(i) In the wake of strong pro-democracy movement, the king accepted the demand for a new democratic constitution in 1990.
(ii) During the 1990’s, the Maoists of Nepal were successful in spreading their influence in many parts of Nepal. They believed in armed insurrection against the monarch and the ruling elite. This resulted in a violent conflict between the Maoist guerrillas and the armed forces of the king.
(iii) In 2002, the king abolished the parliament and dismissed the government, thus ending even the limited democracy that existed in Nepal.
(iv) In April 2006, there were massive country wide, pro-democracy protests. This movement achieved their first major victory when the king was forced to restore the House of Representatives that had been dissolved in April 2002.
(v) This Non-violent Movement was led by the Seven Party Alliance (SPA), the Maoists and social activities. Nepal’s transition to democracy is not complete.
(vi) Maoists want the Constitution to include the radical programmes of social and economic restructuring. All the parties in the SPA may not agree with this programme.
OR
(A) After its independence in 1948, politics in Sri Lanka was dominated by forces that represented the interest of the majority Sinhala community. Sinhala were hostile to a large number of Tamils who had migrated from India to Sri Lanka and settled there. The neglect of Tamil concerns led to militant Tamil nationalism. From 1983 onwards, the militant organization, the Liberation Tiger of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) has been fighting an armed struggle with the army of Sri Lanka and demanding ‘Tamil Eelam’ or a separate country for the Tamils of Sri Lanka. In 1987, the Indian Government got directly involved in the Sri Lankan Tamil question. In 1989, the Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) pulled out of Sri Lanka without attaining its objective.
The principal players involved in the ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka are Sinhala and Tamils who had migrated from India to Sri Lanka and settled there. This migration continued even after independence. The Sinhala nationalists thought that the Sri Lanka should not give ‘concessions’ to the Tamils because Sri Lanka belongs to the Sinhala people only. The Sri Lankan crisis continues to be violent. But there is always a ray of hope. Both the communities should be regarded as the citizens of the country. Both the communities should work for the development of the country. The prospect of the resolution of this conflict is bright. The consequences of the ethnic conflict in the country are:
(A) In spite of the ongoing conflict, Sri Lanka has registered considerable economic growth and recorded high levels of human development.
(B) Sri Lanka was one of the first developing countries to successfully control the rate of population.
Question 30.
What are the economic implications of globalisation? How has globalisation impacted India with regard to this particular dimension? [6]
OR
What are some of the cultural consequences of globalisation?
Answer:
Economic implications of globalisation:
(i) It involves greater economic flows among various countries.
(ii) It has enhanced trade in commodities among countries.
(iii) The restrictions on the imports and movement of capital have also been reduced.
(iv) This has spread internet and computer related services across national boundaries.
Impact of globalisation on India:
(i) More new jobs have been created in the MNC dealing in cell phones, fast food, etc.
(ii) India is playing a crucial role among developing countries in trade and commerce by making some companies multinational themselves, like Tata Motors, Ranbaxy, etc.
(iii) Foreign direct investment has also been increased.
(iv) It has invited the inflow of foreign capital and export-oriented activities.
OR
Cultural consequences refer to the impact of globalisation in what we eat, wear, drink, watch and think.
(i) The cultural effect of globalisation poses a threat to different cultures in the world other than western culture. There is a cultural homogenisation which means the rise of uniform culture, as we notice the popularity of American things like Mcdonald’s, Pizza, KFC, Google, Blue jeans and Hollywood movies has spread across the globe.
(ii) This is dangerous not only for poor countries but for the whole of humanity because it leads to the shrinking or extinction of the rich cultural heritage of the entire globe.
(iii) But cultural consequences of globalisation are not always negative as sometimes external culture influences simply enlarge our choices and sometimes they modify our culture without overwhelming the traditional.
(iv) The Maggi is no substitute for noodles and, therefore, does not pose any real challenge. Globalisation leads to each culture becoming more different and distinctive. This phenomenon is called cultural heterogenisation.