CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Set 3 with Solutions

Students can access the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science with Solutions and marking scheme Set 3 will help students in understanding the difficulty level of the exam.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Set 3 with Solutions

Time Allowed: 3 hours
Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions:

• The question paper consists of five sections (A, B, C, D and E) with 30 questions in total.
• All questions are compulsory.
• Question numbers 1-12 are multiple choice questions of one mark each.
• Question numbers 13-18 are of 2 marks each. Answers to these questions should not exceed 50-60 words each.
• Question numbers 19-23 are of 4 marks each. Answers to these questions should not exceed 100-120 words each. There is an internal choice in two of the 4 marks questions
• Question numbers 24-26 are passage, cartoon and map-based questions. Answer accordingly.
• Question numbers 27-30 are of 6 marks each. Answers to these questions should not exceed 170-180 words.
• There is an internal choice in 6 marks questions.

Section-A (12 Marks)

Question 1.
In which year Gorbachev became the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the USSR? [1]
(a) 1989
(b) 1990
(c) 1987
(d) 1985
Answer:
(d) 1985

Explanation:
Mikhail Gorbachev became General Secretary of the Communist Party of the USSR in 1985, initiating reforms and eventually leading to the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

Question 2.
Russia took over the U.S.S.R. seat in the U.N. in: [1]
(a) December 1991
(b) December 1989
(c) December 1990
(d) December 1992
Answer:
(a) December 1991

Explanation:
Russia took over the USSR seat in the United Nations (UN) after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. As the successor state, Russia assumed the membership and responsibilities of the USSR in the UN, including the permanent seat on the Security Council.

Question 3.
ASEAN stands for [1]
(a) Alliance of Southeast Asian Nations
(b) Alliance of Southern Asian Nations
(c) Association of South West Asian Nations
(d) Association of South East Asian Nations
Answer:
(d) Association of South East Asian Nations

Explanation :
ASEAN stands for the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. It is a regional intergovernmental organisation consisting of ten member states in Southeast Asia, promoting economic, political, and cultural cooperation among its members.

Question 4.
When was the People’s Republic of China established? [1]
(a) 1947
(b) 1948
(c) 1949
(d) 1950
Answer:
(c) 1949

Explanation :
The People’s Republic of China was established on October 1, 1949, following the victory of the Chinese Communist Party in the Chinese Civil War.

Question 5.
Which of the following country is biggest source of development aid for Bhutan? [1]
(a) The USA
(b) Russia
(c) India
(d) Maldives
Answer:
(c) India

Explanation:
India is Bhutan’s biggest source of development aid. India has been a key partner in supporting Bhutan’s socio-economic development and infrastructure projects.

Question 6.
Which of the following countries is not a South Asian country? [1]
(a) Bangladesh
(b) India
(c) Bhutan
(d) Russia
Answer:
(d) Russia

Explanation:
Russia is not a South Asian country. It is located primarily in northern Asia and partially in Eastern Europe, far from the South Asian region.

Question 7.
In which year an agreement took place between Sheikh Abdullah and Prime Minister Indira Gandhi? [1]
(a) 1970
(b) 1974
(c) 1976
(d) 1980
Answer:
(b) 1974

Explanation:
In 1974 Indira Gandhi reached an agreement with Sheikh Abdullah and he became the Chief Minister of the Jammu and Kashmir

Question 8.
Who among the following was the leader of the Naga National Council? [1]
(a) VE Singh
(b) Lai Denga
(c) Karunanidhi
(d) Angami Zapu Phizo
Answer:
(d) Angami Zapu Phizo

Explanation:
The Naga National Council (NNC) is a political organisation in Nagaland, India, that seeks self-determination and sovereignty for the Naga people.

Question 9.
Which of the following the initiatives were not included in the policies of Mrs.Indira Gandhi’s government? [1]
(a) abolition of the privy purse
(b) nationalisation of banks
(c) environmental protection
(d) ban on nuclear tests
Answer:
(d) ban on nuclear tests

Question 10.
Who has given the slogan Garibi Hatao? [1]
(a) Jawaharlal Nehru
(b) Lai Bahadur Shastri
(c) Indira Gandhi
(d) Ram Manohar Lohia
Answer:
(c) Indira Gandhi

Explanation:
Indira Gandhi’s 1971 election campaign theme and slogan was Garibi Hatao Desh Bachao (Remove poverty, save the country)

Question 11.
Which of these statements about the Bombay Plan is incorrect? [1]
(a) It was a blueprint for India’s economic future.
(b) It supported state ownership of industry.
(c) It was made by some leading industrialists.
(d) It strongly supported the idea of planning.
Answer:
(a) It was a blueprint for India’s economic future.

Question 12.
Which are the two models of development? [1]
(a) Capitalist and Socialist
(b) Capitalist and Marxist
(c) Capitalist and Gandhism
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(a) Capitalist and Socialist

Explanation:
On the eve of Independence, India had before it, two models of modern development: the liberal-capitalist model as in much of Europe and the US and the socialist model as in the USSR.

Section-B (12 Marks)

Question 13.
What is the significance of the ASEAN flag? [2]
Answer:
(i) In the ASEAN logo, the ten stalks of paddy (rice) represent the ten South East Asian countries bound together in friendship and solidarity. The circle symbolises the unity of ASEAN. The ten countries of ASEAN are Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam.
(ii) The ASEAN flag is a symbol of unity, solidarity, peace, and progress among the member countries, reflecting their shared vision and ‘ commitment towards building a prosperous and integrated Southeast Asian community.

Question 14.
Mention the agreements signed between India and ASEAN. [2]
Answer:
(i) India has signed trade agreements with three ASEAN members, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand.
(ii) The ASEAN-India FTA (Free Trade Areas) came into effect in 2010.
(iii)India Agreement on Tourism Cooperation: Signed in 2012, this agreement focuses on promoting tourism cooperation between India and ASEAN member countries.
India is trying to sign an FTA with ASEAN itself

Question 15.
Suggest any two effective steps which would limit war or violence between countries. [2]
Answer:
Two effective steps may be in the form of cooperative security, that involves international cooperation:
(i) It may be bilateral, regional, continental or global.
(ii) Its depends on the nature of the threat and the willingness, and ability of countries to respond to limit war or violence.
(iii) Cooperative security at national and international levels.

Question 16.
Which two differences between India and China led to an army conflict in 1962? [2]
Answer:
(i) Serious conflict arose when China annexed Tibet in 1950 and removed a historical buffer between the two nations and India did not oppose this openly.
(ii) Another border dispute arose when China’ claimed two areas within the Indian territory: Aksai-chin area in the Ladakh region of Jammu and Kashmir and much of the state of Arunachal Pradesh in what was then called NEFA (North Eastern Frontier Agency).

Question 17.
Is terrorism a traditional or non-traditional threat to security? [2]
Answer:
Terrorism is considered a non-traditional threat to security. Unlike traditional threats such as interstate conflicts, terrorism involves acts of violence carried. out by non-state actors, targeting civilians or noncombatants, and aiming to create fear and disrupt social order. It presents unique challenges in terms of prevention, intelligence gathering, and counterterrorism strategies.

Question 18.
When was India’s New Economic Policy launched? Who was its chief architect? [2]
Answer:
India’s New Economic Policy, also known as the “Liberalization, Privatization, and Globalization” policy, was launched on July 24, 1991. This is also known as the initiation of the structural adjustment programme or the new economic reforms.
(i) NEP (New Economic Policy), 1991 was launched by Finance Minister Manmohan Singh Under the leadership of Prime Minister Narsimha Rao.
(ii) The economic changes first became visible in 1991 and radically changed the direction that Indian Economy had pursued since independence.

Section-C (20 Marks)

Question 19.
What were the major reforms implemented by Gorbachev during his tenure as the leader of the Soviet Union? [4]
Answer:
Mikhail Gorbachev, as the leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991, implemented several major reforms aimed at restructuring and revitalizing the Soviet system. Some of the key reforms implemented by Gorbachev include:
(i) Glasnost (Openness): Gorbachev introduced the policy of glasnost, which aimed at increasing transparency, freedom of expression, and openness in Soviet society.
(ii) Perestroika (Restructuring): Gorbachev initiated perestroika to reform and restructure the Soviet economy in order to make the economy more efficient and responsive to market forces.
(iii) Democratization: Gorbachev advocated for democratization within the Soviet political system. This included the introduction of competitive elections and increased political pluralism.

Question 20.
Despite the mixed record of democratic experience, the people of all the countries of South Asia share the aspiration of democracy. [4]
Answer:
Despite the mixed record of democratic experience in South Asia, the people of all the countries in the region share a common aspiration for democracy. This shared aspiration is rooted in the belief that democracy is essential for ensuring individual rights, social justice, freedom, and inclusive governance.
(i) A recent survey of the attitudes of the people in the five big countries of the region like Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan and Maldives showed that there is widespread support for democracy in all these countries.
(ii) These countries prefer democracy over any other form of democracy and think that democracy is suitable for their country.
(iii)Ordinary citizens, rich as well as poor and belonging to different religions, view the idea of democracy positively and support the institutions of representative democracy.

Question 21.
How has globalisation affected the political landscape in terms of interdependence, regional integration, and the emergence of global governance mechanisms? [4]
OR
What are the economic implications of globalisation on job markets, labour standards, and the competitiveness of industries in different countries?
Answer:
There are three main aspects about how does globalisation affected the political landscape in terms of interdependence, regional integration, and the emergence of global governance mechanisms both positively and negatively:
Negative Aspects:

1. Globalisation results in an erosion of state capacity, that is the ability of the government to do what they do.
2. The old welfare state is now giving way to a more minimalist state that performs certain core functions such as maintenance of law and order and the security of its citizens.
3. Sometimes the state withdraws from many of its earlier welfare functions directed at economic and social well-being.
4. Market becomes the prime determinant to settle down social and economic priorities in place of welfare.

Positive Aspects:

1. The primary status remains the unchallenged basis of the political community.
2. To some extent developing countries have received a boost to become more powerful and strong.
3. States become more powerful than they were earlier as an outcome of the new technology.
4. States continue to be important with enhanced technologies available at the disposal of the state to collect information about its citizens

OR

Economic globalisation reflect the role of international institutions like the IMF, ILO and the WTO and the role they play in determining economic policies across the world.
1. Positive Economic Consequences:
(a) Economic globalisation involves greater economic flows among various countries This flow or exchange can take various forms such as commodities, capital, people and ideas.
(b) It has enhanced trade in commodities among countries.
(c) The. restrictions on the imports and movement of capital have also been reduced. It means that investors in the rich countries can invest their money in countries where they might get better returns.
2. Negative Economic Consequences:
(a) It has created diverse opinions all over the world so as to benefit only a small section of population.
(b) It does not have equality at par with the movement of people across the globe.
(c) Developed countries have carefully guarded their borders with visa policies to ensure job security for their own citizens.

Question 22.
What was the Tibet issue? How did it cause tension between India and China? Explain. [4]
OR
Describe any four major issues of conflict between India and Pakistan leading to the war of 1971.
Answer:
China administrated Tibet, since old times and wanted to control all its parts which China did in 1950. Tibet was a good friend of India, therefore, India insisted China to give independence to Tibet. According to Panchsheel Agreement, India conceded China’s claim over Tibet. China assured India that it will provide full autonomy. But these issues of Tibet led to war between China and India. India helped the Tibetan migrants to settle down in the following ways:

• Spiritual leader of Tibet Dalai Lama, was given political asylum in 1959.
• Large number of Tibetans were also given refuge in Delhi and other parts of the country.
• Dharmashala in Himachal Pradesh is the largest refugee settlement of Tibetans in India.

These situations led to the China-invasion of India in 1962.

OR

Major issues of conflict that led to war of 1971 between India and Pakistan are:
(i) The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was a military conflict between India and Pakistan that occurred during the Bangladesh Liberation War in East Pakistan from 3 December 1971.
(ii) There was an uprising in East Pakistan for a separate independent government. To curb the movement, their leader Sheikh Mujib was arrested by the Pakistan army and atrocities were levied on the revolutionaries. India faced the problem of refugees who migrated from East Pakistan to the neighbouring regions in India.
(iii)India extended moral and material support to the freedom struggle in Bangladesh. Pakistan accused India of a conspiracy to break it up.
(iv)The revolutionaries demanded an independent country named Bangladesh and were supported by India in their venture.
(v) The war resulted in the defeat of the Pakistani forces and the creation of an independent Bangladesh. The war of 1971 remains a significant event in the history of India and Pakistan, shaping their bilateral relations and regional dynamics in South Asia.

Question 23.
State one similarity and one difference between the crisis in Punjab and Assam during 1980s. [4]
Answer:
One similarity between the crisis in Punjab and Assam during the 1980s was the emergence of regional and ethnic tensions that led to violent conflicts.
One difference between the two crises was the nature of the conflicts. In Punjab, the crisis was primarily driven by demands for a separate Sikh state, Khalistan, which led to a protracted and violent separatist movement by Sikh militants. The conflict in Punjab was marked by targeted killings, terrorism, and clashes between the militants and security forces.
In Assam, the crisis was rooted in issues of illegal immigration from Bangladesh, which led to sociopolitical tensions between the indigenous Assamese population and the immigrant population. The Assam movement, led by all the Assam Students’ Union (AASU), demanded the identification and deportation of illegal immigrants. The conflict in Assam was characterized by protests, agitations, and sporadic outbreaks of violence, While both crises involved regional and ethnic tensions, the specific causes, demands, and methods of the movements were different in Punjab and Assam.

Section-D (12 Marks)

Question 24.
Read the passage given below carefully and answer the questions:
Many steps have been taken to restrict the use of nuclear weapons. The Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) of 1968 was an arms control treaty in the sense that it regulated the acquisition of nuclear weapons. Those countries that had tested and manufactured nuclear weapons before 1967 were allowed to keep their weapons and those that had not done so were to give up the right to acquire them. The NPT did not abolish nuclear weapons, rather it limited the number of countries that could have them. So, now nuclear weapons have limited usage against contemporary security.

1. What was the main goal of the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) of 1968? [1]
(a) Complete abolition of nuclear weapons worldwide
(b) Regulating the acquisition of nuclear weapons
(c) Promoting the use of nuclear energy for all countries
(d) Encouraging the development of advanced missile technologies
Answer:
(b) Regulating the acquisition of nuclear weapons

2. What role does the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) play under the NPT? [1]
(a) Develop nuclear weapons for member states
(b) Ensure that all countries have access to nuclear energy
(c) Verify compliance with NPT commitments and monitor nuclear facilities
(d) Promote the production of nuclear weapons for peaceful purposes
Answer:
(c) Verify compliance with NPT commitments and monitor nuclear facilities

3. Which of the following countries is NOT recognized as a nuclear-weapon state under the NPT? [1]
(a) China
(b) France
(c) India
(d) Russia
Answer:
(c) India

4. Which country withdrew from the NPT and conducted nuclear tests, leading to concerns about nuclear proliferation? [1]
(a) France
(b) South Africa
(c) North Korea
(d) Brazil
Answer:
(c) North Korea

Question 25.
In the given outline political map of India, four states have been marked as (A), (B), (C), and (D). Identify these states on the basis of the information given below and write their correct names in your answer book along with the respective serial numbers of the information used and the concerned alphabets as per the format that follows: [1+1+1+1]

Questions
(i) In 1957 a coalition led by the CPI formed the government in this state.
(ii) In this state Congress was not in power at some point during 1952-67,
(iii) In this state the Congress remained in power through this period 1952-67.
(iv) Largest state of India in accordance to area.

Answer:

Sr. Number for the information used	Alphabet concerned	Name of the state
(i)	D	Kerala
(ii)	A	Jammu & Kashmir
(iii)	C	Uttar Pradesh
(iv)	B	Rajasthan

Question 26.
Study the picture given below and answer the questions that follow: [1+1+2]

1. What was the slogan of the Janata Party to campaign in elections?
2. Identify the person who is sitting on the ground holding the slogan.
3. Against which practices Jayaprakash Narayana agitated?

Answer:

1. Save Democracy.
2. Jayaprakash Narayan.
3. Corruption, lawlessness, violence, and most importantly against imposition of emergency.

Section-E (24 Marks)

Question 27.
How far did the UN perform its successor role fully in maintaining peace in the world? Explain [6]
OR
Can the UN serve as a balance against the US dominance?
Answer:
The UN has made significant contributions to peacekeeping efforts, there are limitations and challenges that have hindered its ability to fully fulfill its role.
(i) The UN has played a crucial role in preventing and resolving conflicts through its peacekeeping missions.
(ii) The UN’s peacekeeping efforts have contributed to preventing the escalation of conflicts and providing a conducive environment for peacebuilding and development.
(iii)For financial assistance to developing countries and to stabilise the economy all over the world the UN and its specialized agencies like World Bank, IMF are always required.
(iv)The UN’s mandate is limited to maintaining peace and security and does not address the root causes of conflicts, such as political, economic, and social factors. Resolving underlying issues requires sustained efforts beyond the scope of the UN’s peacekeeping operations.

OR

No, the UN can not serve against the US dominance in a comfort zone because:

1. The US has been the only superpower after 1991 and may ignore international organisations economically and militarily.
2. Its veto power can stop any move damaging its interests.
3. The US enjoys a considerable degree of say in the selection of the UN Secretary General.
4. In a unipolar world in which the US is dominant, the UN served to bring the US and the rest of the world into discussions on various issues.
5. The US also realises that the UNisanorganisation as serving a purpose in bringing together over 193 nations in dealing with conflicts and social and economic development.
6. The UN provides an arena for the rest of the world in which it is possible to modify the US attitudes and policies.

Question 28.
Compromise and accommodation are the two essential policies required by states to save planet Earth. Substantiate the statement in the light of the ongoing negotiations between the North and the South on environmental issues.
OR
How do the rights of indigenous peoples intersect with issues of environmental conservation and sustainable development? [6]
Answer:
(i) The Northern states or the First World states are concerned with ozone depletion, and global warming whereas, Southern States or the Third World states want to address the relationship between economic development and environmental management.
(ii) The developed countries of the North want to discuss the environmental issues which stand equally responsible for ecological conservation.
(iii)The developing countries of the South feel that much of the ecological degradation of the world is created by developed countries through their industrial projects and if developed countries cause more environmental degradation, they are supposed to take more responsibility onwards.
(iv)The developing countries are under the process of industrialisation and they should be exempted from restrictions imposed on developed countries through various conventions like Kyoto Protocol, etc.
(v) The special needs of developing countries must be taken into consideration in the process of development, application and interpretation of International Environmental Law.
(Any four points, to be analysed)

OR

The UN defines the indigenous population as the descendants of people who inhabited the present territory of a country at the time when persons of a different culture or ethnic origin arrived there from other parts of the world and overcame them. The rights of indigenous people can be summarised as follows:

1. Indigenous people speak of their struggles, agenda and fights like social movements.
2. Their – voices in world politics call for the admission of indigenous people to the world community as equals.
3. Many of the present-day island states in the Oceania region (including Australia, New Zealand) were inhabited by various indigenous people over the course of thousands of years.
4. Indigenous people appeal to the government to create indigenous nations with an identity of their own.
5. The World Council of indigenous people was formed in 1975. The council became the first of 11 indigenous NGOs to receive consultative status in the UN.

Question 29.
What were the main grievances and issues that led to the emergence of the People’s Movement of Hyderabad?
OR
What major problems emerged during the process of India-Pakistan partition of 1947? [6]
Answer:
Hyderabad was the largest princely state of India under the rule of Nizam. One of the world’s richest people. Nizam wanted Hyderabad to be an independent state. But the people of Hyderabad were not happy with the rule of Nizam due to his non-democratic practices. Hence, various section of society agitated against him:

1. The peasants in the Telangana region particularly rose in voice against him.
2. Women also joined the movement in large numbers.
3. The communist and Hyderabad congress were in the forefront of the movement.
4. Nizam responded by unleashing a Razakars paramilitary force on people.
5. Ultimately, the central government had to order the army to tackle and in 1948, Indian army moved in to control the Nizam’s forces.

All the above-mentioned situations led to an accession of Hyderabad.

OR

The process of partition had been started in 1940 when Muslim League Propounded the Two Nation Theory. This process involved various problems:

1. Areas were supposed to be distributed on the basis of religious majority i.e., Muslim majority areas were form the Pakistani territory and the rest would stay with India. It created communal riots in the country.
2. No single belt of muslim majority was part of British India. They were concentrated in the East and West. Hence, it was decided that Pakistan will comprise two territories namely East and West Pakistan separated by long expansion of Indian territory.
3. All Muslim-majority areas did not want to be merged with Pakistan i.e., it was opposed in NWFP. But ultimately NWFP was made to merge with Pakistan.
4. Another problem belonged to minorities on both sides of border i.e., Lakhs of Hindus and Muslims and Sikhs from both sides were left with no option except to leave their homes.

Question 30.
Trace the emergence of BJP as a significant force in post-emergency politics.
OR
Many people think that a two-party system is required for successful democracy. Drawing from India’s experience of the last twenty years, write an essay on what advantages the present party system in India has. [6]
Answer:
The major trends in the electoral performance of BJP since 1989 can be traced as follows:

1. In the elections of 1989, the National front under V.P. Singh came to power supported by the left front and BJP from outside because they wanted to keep the Congress out of power. The Mandal Commission Report and implementation of its recommendations forced BJP to reconsider its support and finally withdraw it. Thus, in November 1990, the rule of the National Front came to an end.
2. In 1996 the BJP minority government was formed for a short period. In June 1996 BJP failed to get majority support in the vote of confidence and thus collapsed.
3. From March 1998 to October 1999, BJP and others formed alliances. NDA (National Democratic Alliance) was formed under the leadership of
4. Atal Bihari Vajpayee. The regional Parties demanded more share in the government to extend their support.
5. The political competition during the 1990’s was divided between the coalition led by BJP and coalition led by Congress.

OR

In the first decade of electoral politics India did not have a recognised opposition party. But some of the vibrant and diverse opposition parties had come into being even before the first General Election of 1952 as the non-Congress parties. Hence, the roots of almost all the non-Congress parties of today can be traced to one or the other of the opposition parties of the 1950s.
All these opposition parties gained only representation, still their presence played a crucial role in maintaining democratic character of the system. Hence due to following reasons two-party system is required for successful democracy:

1. Within two-party systems, the opposition party offers a sustained and principled criticism of policies and practices of the ruling party keeping it under a strict check.
2. By keeping democratic political alternatives alive, these parties prevented the resentment with the system from turning anti-democratic.

On the basis of above mentioned features it is justifiable to have a two party system which have following advantages:

1. India has arrived at more competitive politics.
2. Political parties act within the spheres of consensus.
3. New forms, vision, path ways of development have been identified.
4. Issues like poverty, displacement, minimum wages, livelihood and social security are being put on political agenda.
5. Issues of justice and democracy are being voiced by various classes, castes and regions to remind states its responsibility’s.