Students can access the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Social Science with Solutions and marking scheme Set 4 will help students in understanding the difficulty level of the exam.
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Social Science Set 4 with Solutions
Time : 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 80
General Instructions
- Question paper comprises five Sections – A, B, C, D, and E. There are 37 questions in the question paper. All questions are compulsory.
- Section A – From questions 1 to 20 are MCQs of 1 mark each.
- Section B – Questions no. 21 to 24 are Very Short Answer Type Questions, carrying 2 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 40 words.
- Section C – contains Q.25 to Q.29 are Short Answer Type Questions, carrying 3 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 60 words.
- Section D – Questions no. 30 to 33 are long answer-type questions. carrying marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 120 words
- Section-E – Questions no. from 34 to 36 are case-based questions with three sub-questions and are of 4 marks each.
- Section F – Question no. 37 is map-based, carrying 5 marks with two parts, 37a from History (2 marks) and 37b from Geography (3 marks).
- There is no overall choice in the question paper. However, an internal choice has been provided in few questions. Only one of the choices in such questions have to be attempted.
- In addition to this, separate instructions are given with each section and question, wherever necessary.
Section – A (20×1=20 Marks)
Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
Read the facts regarding the Revolution of the Liberals in Europe during 1848 and choose the correct option: [1]
(i) Abdication of the monarch
(ii) Universal male suffrage had been proclaimed
(iii) Political Rights to women were given
(iv) Freedom of the press had been asked for
(A) Only (i) and (ii) are correct.
(B) Only (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct.
(C) Only (i) and 4 are correct.
(D) Only (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct
Answer:
(D) Only (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct
Explanation: In revolution of the liberals in Europe during 1848 political rights to women were not given. The issue of extending political rights to women was a controversial one within the revolution of liberals, in which large number of Women had participated actively and they were denied suffrage rights during the election of the Assembly.
Question 2.
Find the incorrect option from the following: [1]
(A) Against this background the new Tory Government in Britain constituted a Statutory Commission under Sir John Simon.
(B) Set up in response to Nationalist Movement, the Commission was to look into the functioning of the Constitutional System in India and suggest changes.
(C) The problem was that the Commission did not have a single Indian Member.
(D) They were all Americans.
Answer:
(D) They were all Americans.
Explanation: All members were Britishers
Question 3.
Kamal uses high-yielding variety (HYV) seeds and chemical fertilizers to increase his wheat production. EIDm Which type of farming is Kamal practising? [1]
(A) Intensive subsistence farming
(B) Primitive subsistence farming
(C) Commercial farming
(D) Organic farming
Answer:
(C) Commercial farming
Question 4.
Study the pie chart showing production of Iron ore state-wise share in percent, 2016-17. [1]
Which state has the maximum production of iron ore?
(A) Karnataka
(B) Jharkhand
(C) Chhattisgarh
(D) Odisha
Answer:
(D) Odisha
Question 5.
Sri Lanka is an island country. It has a diverse population.
Identify the major caste group of Sri Lanka: [1]
(A) Christian and Tamil
(B) Buddhist and Hindu
(C) Sinhala and Tamil
(D) Sinhala and Christian
Answer:
(C) Sinhala and Tamil
Question 6.
The creation of linguistic states was the first and a major test for democratic politics in our country.
Identity the status given to Hindi by the Constitution of India. [1]
(A) Regional language
(B) Official language
(C) National language
(D) Community language
Answer:
Option (B) is correct.
Explanation: Article 343 (1) of the Constitution provides that Hindi in Devanagari script shall be the Official Language of the Union. Article 343 (2) also provided for continuing the use of English in official work of the Union for a period of 15 years (i.e., up to 25 January, 1965) from the date of commencement of the Constitution.
Question 7.
Choose the incorrect option from columns A and B: [1]
Column A | Column B | ||
(i) | Landless rural labourers | (A) | More days of work and better wages |
(ii) | Prosperous farmers from Punjab | (B) | Availability of other sources of irrigation |
(iii) | Farmers who depend only on rain for growing crops | (C) | Assured a higher support prices for their crops. |
(iv) | A rural woman from a land owning family | (D) | Regular job and high wages to increase her income. |
Answer:
Option (B) is correct
Explanation: Enough groundwater reserves available in Punjab and Western U.P.
Question 8.
Activities that help in the development of primary and secondary sectors come under which one of the following sector: [1]
(A) Primary
(B) Secondary
(C) Tertiary
(D) Quaternary
Answer:
(C) Tertiary
Explanation: Tertiary sector refers to the commercial services that support the production and distribution process in any economy, e.g. transport, etc. It helps in the development of primary and secondary sectors of a country.
Question 9.
proudly proclaimed the dams as the ‘temples of modern India’ as it would integrate the development of agriculture and the village economy with rapid industrialization and growth of the urban economy. [1]
(A) Sardar Patel
(B) Jawaharlal Nehru
(C) Mahatma Gandhi
(D) Dr B.R.Ambedkar
Answer:
(B) Jawaharlal Nehru
Question 10.
Find the incorrect option from the following: [1]
(A) Kisan Credit Card (KCC), Personal Accident Insurance Scheme (PAIS) are some other schemes introduced by the Government of India for benefit of the farmers.
(B) Moreover, special news bulletins and entertainment programs for farmers were introduced on the radio and television.
(C) The government also announces minimum support price, remunerative and procurement prices for important crops to check the exploitation of farmers by speculators and middlemen.
(D) None of the above
Answer:
(B) Moreover, special news bulletins and entertainment programmes for farmers were introduced on the radio and television.
Explanation: Moreover, special weather bulletins and agricultural programmes for farmers were introduced on the radio and television.
Question 11.
There are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Mark your answer as per the codes provided below: [1]
Assertion (A): From ancient times groups like travellers, traders, priests, and pilgrims have travelled vast distances.
Reason (R): These journeys were for the purposes like knowledge, opportunity, spiritual fulfilment, etc.
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(C) (A) is correct but (R) is wrong
(D) (A) is wrong but (R) is correct
Answer:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
Question 12.
Study the picture and answer the question that follows: [1]
Which of the following aspects best signifies this image of ‘Ghor Kali?
(A) Traditional family roles
(B) Destruction of proper family relations
(C) Cultural impact of the West
(D) None of the above
Answer:
(B) Destruction of proper family relations
Question 13.
Consider the statements given below and choose the correct answer: [1]
Statement (i): India is one of the world’s richest countries in terms of its vast array of biological diversity. Statement (ii): The Himalayas which form the northern shield is rich in flora and fauna, while on the other hand in the Western Ghats biodiversity is present at its full bloom.
(A) Statement (i) is correct and (ii) is incorrect.
(B) Statement (i) is incorrect and (ii) is correct
(C) Both (i) & (ii) are incorrect
(D) Both (i) & (ii) are correct
Answer:
(D) Both (i) & (ii) are correct
Question 14.
There are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Mark your answer as per the codes provided below: [1]
Assertion (A): Political parties are easily one of the most visible institutions in a democracy.
Reason (R): For most ordinary citizens, democracy is equal to political parties.
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is correct but (R) is wrong.
(D) (A) is wrong but (R) is correct.
Answer:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
Question 15.
There is one respect in which democratic government is certainly better than its alternatives. Democratic government is people’s own government. [1]
Define an Accountable Government.
(A) In an accountable government, people have the right to elect the leaders to form government and if possible they participate in the decision-making process.
(B) In an accountable government, people do not have the right to elect the leaders.
(C) In an accountable government, people are a part of decision-making process.
(D) In an accountable government, only privileged section of the society is allowed to vote
Answer:
(A) In an accountable government, people have the right to elect the leaders to form government and if possible they participate in the decision-making process.
Question 16.
Which of the following statements defines Sustainable Development? [1]
(A) Sustainable use of natural resources without considering the need of the future generation.
(B) Present generation fulfils its needs while considering the needs of the future generation as well.
(C) It means utilization of natural resources by the past, present and forthcoming future generation.
(D) To meet the needs of the future generations even if the needs of present generation go unfulfilled.
Answer:
(B) Present generation fulfils its needs while considering the needs of the future generation as well.
Question 17.
The products received by exploiting natural resources come under which one of the following sectors? [1]
(A) Quaternary
(B) Tertiary
(C) Secondary
(D) Primary
Answer:
(D) Primary
Explanation: The primary sector of an economy includes any industry involved in the extraction and production of raw materials such as fishing, farming, mining, hunting etc. Here, the products are received by exploiting natural resources.
Question 18.
96.5 percent of the total volume of the world’s water is estimated to exist as ___________ and only 2.5 percent as __________. [1]
(A) freshwater, oceans
(B) oceans, freshwater
(C) groundwater, oceans
(D) None of the above
Answer:
(B) oceans, freshwater
Question 19.
Wastes from nuclear power plants, nuclear and weapon production facilities cause: [1]
(A) Cancers, birth defects and miscarriages
(B) Weight and height related issues
(C) Viral diseases
(D) Hair fall and other bacterial diseases
Answer:
(A) Cancers, birth defects and miscarriages
Question 20.
What is the guiding philosophy of the Bharatiya Janata Party? [1]
(A) Bahujan Samaj
(B) Revolutionary Democracy
(C) Integral humanism
(D) Modernity
Answer:
(C) Integral humanism
Section – B (2×4=8 Marks)
Very Short Answer Questions
Question 21.
Study the map of Africa given below and tell why some countries’ borders run straight, as if they were drawn using a ruler. [2]
Answer:
Some countries’ borders run straight, as if they were drawn using a ruler. Well, in fact this was almost how rival European powers in Africa drew up the borders demarcating their respective territories.
Question 22.
The Chipko Movement can essentially be called a women’s movement. [2]
Write a note on the Chipko Movement.
Answer:
The Chipko Movement was a forest conservation movement in India.
(i) It was a nonviolent social and ecological movement by rural villagers, particularly women, in India in the 1970s.
(ii) It aimed at protecting trees and forests slated for government-backed logging
Question 23.
Why do banks ask for collateral while giving credit to a borrower? [2]
OR
‘In rural areas, the main demand is for credit ( loan) for crop production’. Write a short note on various types of loans in view of the above statement.
Answer:
Collateral is an asset that the borrower owns, for e.g., land, building, vehicle, livestock, land documents, deposits with bonds, etc. which stand as a security against the money borrowed. In case, the borrower fails to repay the loan, the lender has the right to sell the asset of collateral, that is why banks ask for collateral while giving the loan.
OR
(i) We have two types of loans formal sector loans and informal sector loans.
(ii) Loans offered by banks and cooperatives fall under the category of formal sector loans and the ones offered by moneylenders, traders,
employers, relatives and friends constitute informal sector loans.
Question 24.
Agriculture is an unorganized sector activity in India. [2]
Do you agree with this statement? Justify your answer with suitable examples
Answer:
Yes, I agree that agriculture is an unorganized sector because in agricultural activities, people are exploited like landless labourers.
(i) Their income level is low.
(ii) There is no job security.
(iii) Agriculture is seasonal in nature and there is no fixed pay.
(iv) No other benefits such as pension, medical facility, paid leave, provident fund, safe environment, etc. are available
Section – C (3×5=15 Marks)
Short Answer – Based Questions
Question 25.
During the First World War, Indian merchants and industrialists had made huge profits and became powerful. Analyze the above statement to highlight and evaluate the role of business classes in the ‘Civil Disobedience Movement’. [3]
Answer:
Role of business class in ‘Civil Disobedience Movement:
(i) The business class reacted against policies that restricted business activities.
(ii) They wanted protection against imports of foreign goods and a rupee-sterling foreign exchange ratio that would discourage imports.
(iii) In order to organise business interest, they formed the Indian Industrial and Commercial Congress in 1920 and the Federation of the Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industries (FICCI) in 1927.
(iv) They gave financial assistance for the movement.
(v) They refused to buy and sell imported goods.
(vi) Any other relevant point
Question 26.
How has the ever increasing number of industries in India worsened the problem of water crisis by exerting pressure on existing freshwater resources? Explain. [3]
Answer:
Increasing number of industries exerting pressure on freshwater resources:
(i) Industries are heavy users of water.
(ii) More demand of hydroelectric power.
(iii) Industrial wastes and effluents are discharged into rivers causing water pollution.
(iv) Multiplying urban centers, due to industries, has caused pressure on resources.
(v) Any other relevant point.
Question 27.
The democracies cannot exist without political parties.
Do you agree with the above statement? Describe the necessity of political parties in democratic countries. What is meant by a ‘national political party’? State the conditions required to be a national political party. [3]
Answer:
Political parties are necessary for democratic countries because:
- Without political parties, democracies cannot exist.
- If we do not have political parties, in such a situation every candidate in elections will be independent.
- No one will be able to make any promise to the people about any major policy changes.
- The government may be formed, but its utility will remain uncertain.
- Elected representatives will be accountable to their constituency for what they do in their locality. But, no one will be responsible for how the country will run.
- The role of an opposition party in a democracy necessitates the existence of political parties.
- As societies become large and complex, they also need some agencies to gather different views on various issues and to present these to the government, that’s why, political parties are needed.
OR
National political party have units in the various states, they follow the same policies, programmes and strategy that is decided at the national level.
Conditions required:
- A party that secures at least 6% of the total votes in general elections of Lok Sabha or assembly elections in four states.
- Wins at least 4 seats in Lok Sabha.
Question 28.
“Democratic Governments in practice are accountable.” Support the statement with arguments. [3]
Answer:
Democratic Government in practice are accountable because:
- It is right to expect democracy to form a government that follows procedures and is accountable to the people.
- It is also expected that the Democratic Government develops mechanisms for citizens to take part in decision-making whenever they think it as fit.
- The Democratic Government is accountable to the people. If it ignores the will of the people, they will not elect their Rule,r in the next General Election.
- The procedures and decision-making process should be transparent for Democratic Government to be accountable to the people
Question 29.
Study the data given in the table that shows the number of people employed in the organised and unorganised sectors and answer the questions that follow : [3]
Sector | Organised | Unorganised | Total |
Primary | 2 | 240 | 242 |
Secondary | 9 | 54 | 63 |
Tertiary | 17 | 76 | 93 |
Total | 28 | 370 | 398 |
Total in % | 7% | 93% | 100% |
(i) Which is the most important sector that provides most jobs to the people?
(ii) Which is the most important organised sector? Give one reason.
Answer:
(i) Primary sector is the most important sector that provides most jobs to the people.
(ii) The tertiary sector is the most important organized sector because it employs more people when compared to primary and secondary sectors.
Section – D (5 ×4=20 Marks)
Long Answer-Based Questions
Question 30.
“Nationalism no longer retained its idealistic liberal democratic sentiment by the last quarter of the nineteenth century in Europe.”
Analyse the statement with examples. [5]
OR
” Nationalism spreads when people begin to believe that they are all part of the same nation”. Justify the statement
Answer:
Sentiment of Nationalism in the later half of the 19th century:
- Towards the last quarter of the 19th century, nationalism could not retain its idealistic liberal-democratic sentiments of the first half of the century but became a narrow belief with inadequate ends.
- Nationalist groups became increasingly intolerant, which led to war.
- Major European powers manipulated the nationalist aspirations to further their own imperialist aims.
- Source of nationalist tension in Europe was the area called Balkans.
- Idea of romantic nationalism in the Balkan together with the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire made this region very explosive.
- One by one, European nationalists broke away from its control and declared independence.
- The Balkan people based their claims for independence or political rights on nationality to prove that they were once independent but were subjugated by a foreign power.
- Slavic nationalities struggled to define their identity and independence. Hence, the Balkan area became an area of intense conflict.
OR
- The romanticism and cultural movements focused on emotions, Intuitions and mystical feelings to create a sense of a shared collective heritage, a common cultural past of a nation.
- Folk songs, folk poetry and folk dances are true cultural spirits of a nation and these are essential to bind the people in a bond.
- Importance of vernacular language also bind the people into a nation so that they can collectively think for their Nation
- Music also helps to light up the feeling of nationalism-connection to one nation
- The collection of local folklore was not just only to recover the national spirit, but also spread the message of nationalism among the illiterate people.
Question 31.
Name the two most important cereal crops grown in India. Describe the conditions required to grow these two crops. [5]
OR
“The Government of India has introduced various institutional and technological reforms to improve agriculture in the 1980s and 1990s.”
Support this statement with examples.
Answer:
Rice and wheat are the two most important cereal crops grown in India.
(i) Rice: This crop grows well in hot and moist climate. The geographical conditions required for rice cultivation are:
- Temperature: 16°C – 27°C and rainfall 100 cm to 200 cm is ideal for growing rice. But rainfall during harvest time is harmful. Annual coverage temperature average 24°C is ideal.
- Soil: Rice is grown well on the alluvial soil or on the fertile river basins. It is also grown in mixed soil or loamy and clayey soil.
- Land: Plain lands or gentle slopes are suitable for the production of rice. Because stagnancy of water is must for the cultivation of rice. Plenty of cheap labour is also required for the production of rice. HYV seeds, plenty of chemical manure, irrigation water, can produce more rice.
(ii) Wheat: Wheat is the 2nd most important food crop of India. It is the crop of temperate region. In India, it is grown in winter. It is more dependent on climate than soil. The geographical conditions required for wheat cultivation are mentioned below:
- Temperature: Wheat requires 14° to 18°C temperature. High temperature is harmful for the cultivation of wheat.
- Rainfall: 50 cm to 100 cm rainfall is required for wheat cultivation. In the primary stage, cold moisture rich climate and at the time of harvesting, bright hot climate is required.
- Soil: Fertile alluvial soil or mixed soil is ideal for wheat cultivation.
- Land: Plain lands or gentle slopes are ideal for wheat cultivation.
-
- (a)
- Plenty of labour along with fertilizer, irrigation facilities, HYV seeds like Heera, Moti, RR-8 Kalyan, etc. and mechanized farming are good for wheat production. Uttar Pradesh is the largest producer of wheat followed by Punjab, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Bihar.
OR
Institutional and technological reforms undertaken by the Government of India to improve agriculture in the 1980s and 1990s were:
(a) Institutional Reforms:
- A Comprehensive Land Development Programme was initiated.
- Provision of crop insurance against drought, floods, cyclone, fire and disease was introduced.
- Gramin Banks, Cooperative Societies and Banks were established for providing loan facilities to the farmers at lower rates of interest.
- Kisan Credit Card (KCC) was introduced.
- Personal Accident Insurance Scheme (PAIS) was introduced.
- The government announced Minimum Support Price, remunerative and procurement prices to reduce exploitation.
(b) Technological Reforms:
- HYV seeds chemical fertilizer and pesticides were provided.
- Methods ofirrigation were modernized.
- Latest agricultural equipment was introduced.
- Special weather bulletins and agricultural programmes for farmers were introduced on radio and television.
- Any other relevant point.
(Any five points to be explained in which at least any three from institutional and two from technological reforms to be explained.)
Question 32.
The focus on caste in politics can sometimes give an impression that elections are all about caste and nothing else. Do you agree with the given statement? Explain. [5]
OR
Assess the influences of politics on the caste system.
Answer:
No, I do not agree with this statement. This is far from truth because:
- No parliamentary constituency in the country has a dear majority of one single caste. So, every candidate and party needs to win the confidence of more than one caste and community to win elections.
- No party wins the votes of all the voters of a caste or community. When people say that a caste is a ‘vote bank’ of one party, it usually means that a large proportion of the voters from the caste vote for the party.
- Many political parties may put up candidates from the same caste (if that caste is believed to dominate the electorate in a particular constituency). Some voters have more than one candidate from their caste, while many voters have no candidates from their caste.
- The Ruling Party of the sitting MP or MLA frequently loses elections in our country. That could not have happened if all castes or communities were frozen in their political preferences.
OR
Influence of politics on caste :
- Each caste group tries to become bigger by incorporating within its sub-castes.
- Various caste groups are required to enter into a coalition with other castes or communities.
- New kinds of caste groups have entered politics like ‘backward’ and ‘forward’ castes.
- Politics in caste has allowed many disadvantaged caste groups to demand their share of power.
- Caste politics has helped the dalits and OBCs to gain better access to decision-making.
Question 33.
“Cheap and affordable credit is crucial for the country’s development.” [5]
Explain the statement with five points.
OR
What is credit? How does credit play a vital and positive role? Explain with an example
Answer:
Importance of cheap and affordable credit for die country’s development-
- Cheap and affordable credit would led to higher income.
- Many people could borrow for a variety of needs.
- It encourages people to invest in agriculture, do business and set up small scale industries etc.
- It enables more investment which leads to the acceleration of economic activities.
- Affordable credit would also end the cycle of the debt trap.
- It can help in availing Good educational facilities
OR
’Credit’ refers to an agreement in which the leader supplies the borrower with money, goods or services in return for the promise of future payment
Credit plays a vital and positive role as:
- Credit helps people from all walks of life in setting up their business, increase their income and support their families.
- To lome people, loan helps a lot in constructing their houses and get relief from monthly rent.
- To others, it helps a lot in raising thenstandards of living.
- of Salim, credit helps him and he is able to increase his earnings.
Section – E (4×3=12 Marks)
Case-Based Questions
Question 34.
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: [4]
Globalization expands and accelerates the movement and exchange of ideas and commodities over vast distances. Globalisation has created more competitive environment in India. In the past two to three decades, more and more MNCs have been looking for locations around the world which would be cheap for their production. Foreign investment by MNCs in these countries has been rising. At the same time, foreign trade between countries has been rising rapidly. A large part of the foreign trade is also controlled by MNCs.
The result of greater foreign investment and greater foreign trade has been greater integration of production and markets across countries. Globalisation is this process of rapid integration or interconnection between countries. MNCs are playing a major role in the globalisation process. More and more goods and services, investments and technology are moving between countries. Besides the movements of goods, services, investments and technology, there is one more way in which the countries can be connected. This is through the movement of people between countries. People usually move from one country to another in search of better income, better jobs or better education.
- Rapid improvement in technology has been one major factor that has stimulated the Globalisation process. Even more remarkable have been the developments in information and communication technology. Globalisation and greater competition among producers – both local and foreign producers – has been of advantage to consumers, particularly the well-off sections in the urban areas. There is greater choice before these consumers who now enjoy improved quality and lower prices for several products. As a result, these people today, enjoy much higher standards of living than was possible earlier. Globalisation has also created new opportunities for companies providing services, particularly those involving IT.
- 34.1 How has globalisation led to higher standards of living ? [1]
Answer:
Globalisation has led to higher standards of living of well-off customers. There is greater choice before these consumers who now enjoy improved quality and lower prices for several products. - 34.2 Name one major factor which has stimulated the globalisation process. [1]
Answer:
Rapid improvement in technology has been one major factor that has stimulated the Globalisation process.
34.3 For whom has globalization posed a major challenge? [2]
Answer:
Globalisation has posed a major challenge to the small scale producers having low capital investment and poor strategies to develop. They have been hit hard due to severe competition. Several units have been shut down rendering many workers jobless.
Question 35.
Read the given extract and answer the questions that follow. [4]
An experiment in Brazil:
A city called Porto Alegre in Brazil has carried out an extraordinary experiment in combining decentralisation with participative democracy. The city has set up a parallel organisation operating alongside the municipal council, enabling local inhabitants to take real decisions for their city. The nearly 13 lakh people in this city get to participate in making the budget for their own city. The city is divided into many sectors or what we call wards.
Each sector has a meeting, like that of the gram sabha, in which anyone living in that area can participate. There are some meetings to discuss issues that affect the entire city. Any citizen of the city can participate in those meetings. The budget of the city is discussed in these meetings. The proposals are put to the municipality that takes a final decision about it.
About 20,000 people participate in this decision making exercise every year. This method has ensured that the money cannot be spent only for the benefit of the colonies where rich people live. Buses now run to the poor colonies and builders cannot evict slum-dwellers without resettling them.
In our own country, a similar experiment has taken place in some areas in Kerala. Ordinary people have participated in making a plan for the development of their locality.
35.1 Which city of Brazil has carried out an extraordinary experiment? What was the experiment? [1]
Answer:
A city called Porto Alegre in Brazil has carried out an extraordinary experiment in combining decentralisation with participative democracy.
35.2 What has the city set up, and why? [1]
Answer:
The city has set up a parallel organisation operating alongside the municipal council, enabling local inhabitants to take real decisions for their city.
35.3 What has this method ensured its people? [2]
Answer:
This method has ensured that the money cannot be spent only on the benefit of the colonies where rich people live. Buses now run to the poor colonies and builders cannot evict slum-dwellers without resettling them.
Question 36.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow: [4]
Before the age of machine industries, silk and cotton goods from India dominated the international market in textiles. Coarser cotton was produced in many countries, but the finer varieties often came from India. Armenian and Persian merchants took the goods from Punjab to Afghanistan, Eastern Persia and Central Asia. Bales of fine textiles were carried on camel back via the north west frontier, through mountain passes and across deserts.
A vibrant sea trade operated through the main pre-colonial ports. Surat on the Gujarat coast connected India to the Gulf and Red Sea Ports; Masulipatnam on the Coromandel Coast and Hooghly in Bengal had trade links with Southeast Asian Ports. Bengal had trade links with Southeast Asian Ports. A variety of Indian merchants and bankers were involved ¡n the network of export trade — financing production, carrying goods and supplying exporters.
Supply merchants linked the port towns to the inland regions. They gave advances to weavers, procured the woven cloth from weaving villages, and carried the supply to the ports. At the port, the big shippers and export merchants had brokers who negotiated the price and bought goods from the supply merchants operating inland. By the 1750s this network, controlled by Indian merchants, was breaking down. The European companies gradually gained power—first securing a variety of concessions from local courts, then the monopoly rights to trade.
This resulted in a decline of the old ports of Surat and Hoogly through which local merchants had operated. Exports from these ports fell dramatically, the credit that had financed the earlier trade began drying up, and the local bankers slowly went bankrupt. In the last years of the seventeenth cent uty, the gross value of trade that passed through Surat had been Rs. 16 million. By the 1740’s it had slumped to Rs 3 million.
36. 1 Which Indian goods dominated the international markets in textiles before the age of machine industries? [1]
Answer
Before the age of machine industries, silk and cotton goods from India dominated the international markets.
36. 2 What kind of cotton was produced in India? [1]
Answer:
The finer varieties of cotton were produced in India.
36. 3 How was the trade carrried? [2]
Answer:
The Armenian and Persian merchants took the goods from Punjab. The two old ports in India are Surat and Hooghly.
Section – F (2+3=5 Marks)
Map Skill-Based Question
Question 37.
(a) Two places A and B have been marked on the given outline map of India. [2]
Identify them and write their correct names on the lines drawn near them.
(A) Madras
(B) Champaran
Answer:
(A) Madras
(B) Champaran
(b) (i) Rana Pratap Sagar Dam [3]
(ii) Major producer of sugarcane
(iii) Major oilfield in Assam
(iv) Cotton textile industry.
Answer:
(b) (i) Rana Pratap Sagar Dam – Rajasthan
(ii) Major producer of sugarcane (Uttar Pradesh)
(iii) Major oilfield in Assam – Digboi
(iv) Cotton textile industry in Maharashtra Mumbai