Students can access the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Social Science with Solutions and marking scheme Set 4 will help students in understanding the difficulty level of the exam.
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 10 Social Science Set 4 with Solutions
Time : 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 80
General Instructions
- Question paper comprises five Sections – A, B, C, D, and E. There are 37 questions in the question paper. All questions are compulsory.
- Section A – From questions 1 to 20 are MCQs of 1 mark each.
- Section B – Questions no. 21 to 24 are Very Short Answer Type Questions, carrying 2 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 40 words.
- Section C – contains Q.25 to Q.29 are Short Answer Type Questions, carrying 3 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 60 words.
- Section D – Questions no. 30 to 33 are long answer-type questions. carrying marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 120 words
- Section-E – Questions no. from 34 to 36 are case-based questions with three sub-questions and are of 4 marks each.
- Section F – Question no. 37 is map-based, carrying 5 marks with two parts, 37a from History (2 marks) and 37b from Geography (3 marks).
- There is no overall choice in the question paper. However, an internal choice has been provided in few questions. Only one of the choices in such questions have to be attempted.
- In addition to this, separate instructions are given with each section and question, wherever necessary.
Section – A (20×1=20 Marks)
Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
Read the facts regarding the Revolution of the Liberals in Europe during 1848 and choose the correct option: [1]
(i) Abdication of the monarch
(ii) Universal male suffrage had been proclaimed
(iii) Political Rights to women were given
(iv) Freedom of the press had been asked for
(A) Only (i) and (ii) are correct.
(B) Only (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct.
(C) Only (i) and 4 are correct.
(D) Only (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct
Answer:
(D) Only (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct
Explanation: In revolution of the liberals in Europe during 1848 political rights to women were not given. The issue of extending political rights to women was a controversial one within the revolution of liberals, in which large number of Women had participated actively and they were denied suffrage rights during the election of the Assembly.
Question 2.
Which one of the following terms is used to identify’ the old and new alluvial respectively? (1)
(a) Khadar and Tarai
(b) Tarai and Bangar
(c) Bangar and Khadar
(d) Tarai and Duars
Answer:
(c) Bangar and Khadar
Question 3.
Kamal uses high-yielding variety (HYV) seeds and chemical fertilizers to increase his wheat production. EIDm Which type of farming is Kamal practising? [1]
(A) Intensive subsistence farming
(B) Primitive subsistence farming
(C) Commercial farming
(D) Organic farming
Answer:
(C) Commercial farming
Question 4.
Which one of the following is the leguminous crop? (1)
(a) Millets
(b) Pulses
(c) Maize
(d) Sugarcane
Answer:
(b) Pulses
Question 5.
Sri Lanka is an island country. It has a diverse population.
Identify the major caste group of Sri Lanka: [1]
(A) Christian and Tamil
(B) Buddhist and Hindu
(C) Sinhala and Tamil
(D) Sinhala and Christian
Answer:
(C) Sinhala and Tamil
Question 6.
Which of the following options is correct about the features of the economic situation which existed in Europe? (1)
I. Migration of population from rural to urban regions.
II. Small producers had to face stiff competition from England.
III. The Industrial Revolution became more advanced in most countries of Europe.
IV. The number of job seekers exceeded the employment opportunities.
Cades
(a) Both I and II
(b) Both II and III
(c) I, II and IV
(d) Both III and IV
Answer:
(c) I, II, and IV
Question 7.
Choose the incorrect option from columns A and B: [1]
Column A | Column B | ||
(i) | Landless rural labourers | (A) | More days of work and better wages |
(ii) | Prosperous farmers from Punjab | (B) | Availability of other sources of irrigation |
(iii) | Farmers who depend only on rain for growing crops | (C) | Assured a higher support prices for their crops. |
(iv) | A rural woman from a land owning family | (D) | Regular job and high wages to increase her income. |
Answer:
Option (B) is correct
Explanation: Enough groundwater reserves available in Punjab and Western U.P.
Question 8.
There are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Mark your answer as per the codes given below. (1)
Assertion (A) Rubber is grown in tropical and sub-tropical areas.
Reason (R) It requires a moist and humid climate with rainfall of more than 1oo cm and temperature above 50°C,
Codes
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
Answer:
(c) A is true, but R is false
Question 9.
proudly proclaimed the dams as the ‘temples of modern India’ as it would integrate the development of agriculture and the village economy with rapid industrialization and growth of the urban economy. [1]
(A) Sardar Patel
(B) Jawaharlal Nehru
(C) Mahatma Gandhi
(D) Dr B.R.Ambedkar
Answer:
(B) Jawaharlal Nehru
Question 10.
The secondary sector, also known as the industrial sector involves the production and manufacturing of goods using raw materials obtained from the primary sector. This sector includes industries that are engaged in the transformation of raw materials into finished products such as construction, manufacturing, and electricity generation. Which among the following is the feature of the secondary sector? (1)
(a) It covers activities in which tertiary goods are used to produce some other commodity.
(b) This section incall includes services such as manufacturing, construction, and gas. watch; electricity supply. etc.
(c) It produces more than the total country’s output.
(d) The employees of this sector are more than half of the working population.
Answer:
(b) This sector mainly includes services such as manufacturing construction, gas, water, electricity supply, etc.
Question 11.
There are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Mark your answer as per the codes provided below: [1]
Assertion (A): From ancient times groups like travellers, traders, priests, and pilgrims have traveled vast distances.
Reason (R): These journeys were for purposes like knowledge, opportunity, spiritual fulfillment, etc.
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(C) (A) is correct but (R) is wrong
(D) (A) is wrong but (R) is correct
Answer:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
Question 12.
Identify the correct statements about the Civil War of Sri Lanka. (1)
Statement I Sri Lankan Tamils caused struggles because their demands for an autonomous state were disapproved.
Statement Il It caused a lot of bloodshed among the civilians and the military.
Statement III It ended in 2009.
Statement IV It was fought between Sri Lankan Muslim Tamils and. Buddhist Sinhalese.
Codes
(a) Statement I and II are right
(b) Statement IT and 111 are right
(c) Statement Ill and IV are right
(d) Statement 1. II and III are right
Answer:
(d) Statement I, II, and III are right
Question 13.
Consider the statements given below and choose the correct answer: [1]
Statement (i): India is one of the world’s richest countries in terms of its vast array of biological diversity. Statement (ii): The Himalayas which form the northern shield is rich in flora and fauna, while on the other hand in the Western Ghats biodiversity is present at its full bloom.
(A) Statement (i) is correct and (ii) is incorrect.
(B) Statement (i) is incorrect and (ii) is correct
(C) Both (i) & (ii) are incorrect
(D) Both (i) & (ii) are correct
Answer:
(D) Both (i) & (ii) are correct
Question 14.
Fill in the blanks.
Issues | Lawmakers |
Computer Software | Union Government |
Trade Unions | ? |
(a) State Government
(b) Union Government
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Neither (a) nor (b)
Answer:
(c) Both (a) and (b)
Question 15.
There is one respect in which democratic government is certainly better than its alternatives. A democratic government is the people’s government. [1]
Define an Accountable Government.
(A) In an accountable government, people have the right to elect the leaders to form a government and if possible participate in the decision-making process.
(B) In an accountable government, people do not have the right to elect the leaders.
(C) In an accountable government, people are a part of the decision-making process.
(D) In an accountable government, only a privileged section of society is allowed to vote
Answer:
(A) In an accountable government, people have the right to elect the leaders to form government and if possible they participate in the decision-making process.
Question 16.
Vienna Congress was convened in 1815 for what purpose? (1)
(a) To declare the completion of German Unification.
(b) To restore a conservative regime in Europe.
(c) To declare war against France.
(d) To start the process of Italian unification.
Answer:
(b) To restore a conservative regime in Europe.
Question 17.
The products received by exploiting natural resources come under which one of the following sectors? [1]
(A) Quaternary
(B) Tertiary
(C) Secondary
(D) Primary
Answer:
(D) Primary
Explanation: The primary sector of an economy includes any industry involved in the extraction and production of raw materials such as fishing, farming, mining, hunting etc. Here, the products are received by exploiting natural resources.
Question 18.
The sum of the total production of all goods and services in the three sectors is combinedly called (1)
(a) NDP
(b) GNI
(c) GDP
(d) NI
Answer:
(c) GDP
Question 19.
Wastes from nuclear power plants, nuclear and weapon production facilities cause: [1]
(A) Cancers, birth defects and miscarriages
(B) Weight and height-related issues
(C) Viral diseases
(D) Hair fall and other bacterial diseases
Answer:
(A) Cancers, birth defects and miscarriages
Question 20.
A’ is a worker in a garment export industry in Jaipur. He gets facilities like health insurance, provident fund, medical leave,
etc. (1)
In which one of the following sectors is ‘A’ working?
(a) Primary sector
(b) Non-Government sector
(c) Organised sector
(d) Unorganised sector
Answer:
(c) Organised sector
Section – B (2×4=8 Marks)
Very Short Answer Questions
Question 21.
Study the map of Africa given below and tell why some countries’ borders run straight as if they were drawn using a ruler. [2]
Answer:
Some countries’ borders run straight, as if they were drawn using a ruler. Well, in fact this was almost how rival European powers in Africa drew up the borders demarcating their respective territories.
Question 22.
How did the Rowlatt Act affect the National Movement? (2)
Or
Explain the role of Ambedkar in uplifting the dalits or the depressed classes.
Answer:
The Rowlatt Act affected the National Movement, as the Indians disapproved this act, in the following ways Rallies were organised in various cities, workers went on strike in railway workshops and shops were closed down.
British administration suppressed the nationalists. As a result, local leaders were picketed up from Amritsar and Mahatma Gandhi was banned from entering Delhi
Or
The role of Ambedkar in uplifting the Dalit or the depressed classes was as follows
(i) Dr. BR Ambedkar joined active politics in 1930 and organised the Depressed Classes Association to uplift the Dalits.
(ii) He demanded separate electorates for Dalits and reservation of seats in educational institutions for them.
Question 23.
Why do banks ask for collateral while giving credit to a borrower? [2]
OR
‘In rural areas, the main demand is for credit ( loan) for crop production’. Write a short note on various types of loans given the above statement.
Answer:
Collateral is an asset that the borrower owns, e.g., land, building, vehicle, livestock, land documents, deposits with bonds, etc. which stand as a security against the money borrowed. In case, the borrower fails to repay the loan, the lender has the right to sell the asset of collateral, that is why banks ask for collateral while giving the loan.
OR
(i) We have two types of loans formal sector loans and informal sector loans.
(ii) Loans offered by banks and cooperatives fall under the category of formal sector loans and the ones offered by moneylenders, traders,
employers, relatives and friends constitute informal sector loans.
Question 24.
When was the Communist Party of India founded? What were its ideologies? (1+1)
Answer:
The Communist Party of India (CPI) was formed in 1925.
- its ideologies are
- It believes in Marxism, Leninism, secularism, and democracy.
- It opposed the forces of secessionism and communalism.
Section – C (3×5=15 Marks)
Short Answer – Based Questions
Question 25.
During the First World War, Indian merchants and industrialists made huge profits and became powerful. Analyze the above statement to highlight and evaluate the role of business classes in the ‘Civil Disobedience Movement’. [3]
Answer:
Role of business class in ‘Civil Disobedience Movement:
(i) The business class reacted against policies that restricted business activities.
(ii) They wanted protection against imports of foreign goods and a rupee-sterling foreign exchange ratio that would discourage imports.
(iii) To organize business interests, they formed the Indian Industrial and Commercial Congress in 1920 and the Federation of the Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industries (FICCI) in 1927.
(iv) They gave financial assistance for the movement.
(v) They refused to buy and sell imported goods.
(vi) Any other relevant point
Question 26.
Explain the effects of the worldwide economic depression on India, towards the late 1920’s.(3)
Answer:
The effects of the worldwide economic depression on India, towards the late 1920s were
The depression immediately affected Indian trade. Indian exports and imports nearly came to half between 1928 and 1934.
Between 1928 and 1934, wheat prices fell by 50%. The fall in prices had a deep impact on poor farmers. Though agricultural prices fell sharply the colonial government refused to give any relief to the farmers in taxes.
The unrest created the great depression and provided an opportunity for Mahatma Gandhi to Launch the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1931.
Question 27.
Democracies cannot exist without political parties.
Do you agree with the above statement? Describe the necessity of political parties in democratic countries. What is meant by a ‘national political party’? State the conditions required to be a national political party. [3]
Answer:
Political parties are necessary for democratic countries because:
- Without political parties, democracies cannot exist.
- If we do not have political parties, in such a situation every candidate in elections will be independent.
- No one will be able to make any promises to the people about any major policy changes.
- The government may be formed, but its utility will remain uncertain.
- Elected representatives will be accountable to their constituency for what they do in their locality. But, no one will be responsible for how the country will run.
- The role of an opposition party in a democracy necessitates the existence of political parties.
- As societies become large and complex, they also need some agencies to gather different views on various issues and to present these to the government, that’s why, political parties are needed.
OR
National political party have units in the various states, they follow the same policies, programmes and strategies that is decided at the national level.
Conditions required:
- A party that secures at least 6% of the total votes in general elections of Lok Sabha or assembly elections in four states.
- Wins at least 4 seats in Lok Sabha.
Question 28.
The following table shows the proportion of adults (15-49 years) whose BMI is below normal (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) in India. It is
based on a survey of various states for the year 2015-16. Look at the table and answer the following questions. (1+2)
State | Male (%) | Female (%) |
Kerala | 8.5 | 10 |
Karnataka | 17 | 21 |
Madhya Pradesh | 28 | 28 |
All States | 20 | 23 |
(i) Compare the nutritional level of people in Kerala and Madhya Pradesh.
(ii) Can you guess why around one-fifth of people in the country are undernourished even though it is argued that there is
enough food in the country? Describe in your own words.
Answer:
(i) Kerala has less percentage of people who are undernourished as compared to Madhya Pradesh. This means people can fulfill their food requirements.
(ii) There is enough food in the country but even then one-fifth of the people in the country are undernourished because of the following reasons
- There is a lack of educational and health facilities in many parts of the country. So. many people remain backward and poo and they are unable to get nutritious food.
- In most of the states, the Public Distribution System (PDS) does not function properly arid the poor people cannot get food items at cheap rates so they remain undernourished.
Question 29.
Study the data given in the table that shows the number of people employed in the organized and unorganized sectors and answer the questions that follow : [3]
Sector | Organized | Unorganised | Total |
Primary | 2 | 240 | 242 |
Secondary | 9 | 54 | 63 |
Tertiary | 17 | 76 | 93 |
Total | 28 | 370 | 398 |
Total in % | 7% | 93% | 100% |
(i) Which is the most important sector that provides the most jobs to the people?
(ii) Which is the most important organized sector? Give one reason.
Answer:
(i) Primary sector is the most important sector that provides most jobs to the people.
(ii) The tertiary sector is the most important organized sector because it employs more people when compared to primary and secondary sectors.
Section – D (5 ×4=20 Marks)
Long Answer-Based Questions
Question 30.
“Dalit participation was limited in the Civil Disobedience Movement.” Examine the statement. (5)
Or
How did plantation workers in Assam have their understanding of Mahatma Gandhi and the notion of Swaraj? Explain. (5)
Answer:
Dalit participation was limited in the Civil Disobedience Movement. It was due to the following reasons
Dalits or untouchables belong to the lower strata of our society, The Congress Party ignored the Dalits for fear of offending the conservative high-caste Hindus, i.e. Sanatanis, Gandhiji first realized that Swaraj would not come for a hundred years if untouchability was not eliminated. But, many Dalit leaders believed in a different political solution to the problem of their
community.
They thought that only political empowerment would resolve their problems of social disabilities. So. they began organizing themselves, demanding reserve seats in educational institutions and a separate electorate that would choose their Dalit members for Legislative Councils. Dr BR Ambedkar demanded a separate electorate for Dalits which was denied by Gandhiji.
Dalit Movement continued to be apprehensive of the Congress-led National Movement and Their participation was ‘limited. Thus, it can be concluded that Dalit participation was limited in the Civil Disobedience Movement.
Or
The plantation workers in Assam had understood the notion of Swaraj in the following ways
(i) For plantation workers in Assam freedom meant the right to move freely in and out of the confined space in which they were enclosed.
(ii) Under the Inland Emigration Act of 1859. plantation workers were not permitted to leave the tea gardens without permission.
(iii) Swaraj for them meant retaining a link with the village from which they had come.
(iv) When they heard of the Movement thousands of their authorities, left the Non-Cooperation workers refused to obey plantations, and headed home.
(v) They believed that Gandhi Raj was coming and everyone would be given land in their village.
Question 31.
Name the two most important cereal crops grown in India. Describe the conditions required to grow these two crops. [5]
OR
“The Government of India has introduced various institutional and technological reforms to improve agriculture in the 1980s and 1990s.”
Support this statement with examples.
Answer:
Rice and wheat are the two most important cereal crops grown in India.
(i) Rice: This crop grows well in hot and moist climate. The geographical conditions required for rice cultivation are:
- Temperature: 16°C – 27°C and rainfall 100 cm to 200 cm is ideal for growing rice. But rainfall during harvest time is harmful. Annual coverage temperature average 24°C is ideal.
- Soil: Rice is grown well on the alluvial soil or on the fertile river basins. It is also grown in mixed soil or loamy and clayey soil.
- Land: Plain lands or gentle slopes are suitable for the production of rice. Because stagnancy of water is must for the cultivation of rice. Plenty of cheap labour is also required for the production of rice. HYV seeds, plenty of chemical manure, irrigation water, can produce more rice.
(ii) Wheat: Wheat is the 2nd most important food crop of India. It is the crop of temperate region. In India, it is grown in winter. It is more dependent on climate than soil. The geographical conditions required for wheat cultivation are mentioned below:
- Temperature: Wheat requires 14° to 18°C temperature. High temperature is harmful for the cultivation of wheat.
- Rainfall: 50 cm to 100 cm rainfall is required for wheat cultivation. In the primary stage, cold moisture rich climate and at the time of harvesting, bright hot climate is required.
- Soil: Fertile alluvial soil or mixed soil is ideal for wheat cultivation.
- Land: Plain lands or gentle slopes are ideal for wheat cultivation.
-
- (a)
- Plenty of labour along with fertilizer, irrigation facilities, HYV seeds like Heera, Moti, RR-8 Kalyan, etc. and mechanized farming are good for wheat production. Uttar Pradesh is the largest producer of wheat followed by Punjab, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Bihar.
OR
Institutional and technological reforms undertaken by the Government of India to improve agriculture in the 1980s and 1990s were:
(a) Institutional Reforms:
- A Comprehensive Land Development Programme was initiated.
- Provision of crop insurance against drought, floods, cyclone, fire and disease was introduced.
- Gramin Banks, Cooperative Societies and Banks were established for providing loan facilities to the farmers at lower rates of interest.
- Kisan Credit Card (KCC) was introduced.
- Personal Accident Insurance Scheme (PAIS) was introduced.
- The government announced Minimum Support Price, remunerative and procurement prices to reduce exploitation.
(b) Technological Reforms:
- HYV seeds chemical fertilizer and pesticides were provided.
- Methods ofirrigation were modernized.
- Latest agricultural equipment was introduced.
- Special weather bulletins and agricultural programmes for farmers were introduced on radio and television.
- Any other relevant point.
(Any five points to be explained in which at least any three from institutional and two from technological reforms to be explained.)
Question 32.
Do you think that political parties are necessary for democracy? Give reasons. 5)
Or
“Political parties are rightly called the government in disguise.” Justify the statement concerning democratic politics by four arguments. (5)
Answer:
Modern democracy can’t exist without political parties. The necessity of a political party in democracy can be explained in the following ways If every elected representative is independent, which means he or she is not attached with a political party, then he/she will not make promise for any major policy changes. The government may be formed but its utility will remain uncertain. Non-party based Panchayat elections also face the same problem The rise of political parties is directly linked to the emergence of representative democracies. As society becomes larger and complicated, they also need some agency to gather different views on various issues and to present these to the government. Political parties inform the people about the workings of the ruling party. They talk about the problems of the state, the working, and failure of the government and suggest the upliftment of masses, Thus political party acts as a link between the government and masses.
or
Political parties are rightly called the government in disguise. The four arguments about the statement are
(i) In most democracies, elections are fought among the candidates put up by political parties. The party which wins the majority forms the government. In a parliamentary system. the leader of the party in power becomes the Prime Minister and he appoints the other ministers.
(ii) In a democracy, a large number of similar opinions have to be grouped to provide a direction in which policies can be formulated by the government. Political party reduces a vast multitude of opinions into a few basic positions and if it is ruling party, the government accepts the line taken by it.
(iii) Political parties raise and highlight issues. Often they shape public opinion. There are always some socio-economic and political issues at the domestic and international level. Political parties always try to tackle the issues.
(iv) The parties that play the role of opposition in government always criticize the government for its wrong policies. Opposition parties mobilize opposition to the government.
Question 33.
“Cheap and affordable credit is crucial for the country’s development.” [5]
Explain the statement with five points.
OR
What is credit? How does credit play a vital and positive role? Explain with an example
Answer:
Importance of cheap and affordable credit for the country’s development-
- Cheap and affordable credit would led to higher income.
- Many people could borrow for a variety of needs.
- It encourages people to invest in agriculture, do business and set up small-scale industries, etc.
- It enables more investment which leads to the acceleration of economic activities.
- Affordable credit would also end the cycle of the debt trap.
- It can help in availing Good educational facilities
OR
’Credit’ refers to an agreement in which the leader supplies the borrower with money, goods, or services in return for the promise of future payment
Credit plays a vital and positive role as:
- Credit helps people from all walks of life in setting up their businesses, increasing their income and supporting their families.
- To lome people, loan helps a lot in constructing their houses and get relief from the monthly rent.
- To others, it helps a lot in raising their standards of living.
- of Salim, credit helps him and he can increase his earnings.
Section – E (4×3=12 Marks)
Case-Based Questions
Question 34.
Read the given extract and answer the following questions.
Communalism becomes more acute when religion is expressed in politics in exclusive and partisan terms when one religion and its followers are pitted against another. This happens when beliefs of one religion are presented as superior to those of other religions, when the demands of one religious group are formed in opposition to another, and when state power is used to
establish domination of one religious group over the rest. This manner of using religion in politics is communal politics.
Communal politics is based on the idea that religion is the principal basis of social community. Communalism involves
thinking along the following lines. The followers of a particular religion must belong to one community. Their Fundamental interests are the same. Any difference that they may have is irrelevant or trivial for community life. It also follows that people who follow different religions cannot belong to the same social community. If the followers of different, religion have some commonalities these are superficial and immaterial. Their interests are bound to be different and involve a conflict. In its extreme form communalism leads to the belief that people belonging to different religions cannot live as equal citizens within one nation.
Either, one of them has to dominate the rest or they have to form different nations. This belief is fundamentally flawed. People of one religion do not have the same interests and aspirations in every context. Everyone has several other roles, positions and
identities. There are many voices inside every community. All these voices have a right to be heard. Therefore, any attempt to bring all followers of one religion together in context other than religion is bound to suppress many voices within that community.
(i) State the circumstances due to which communalism happen in our society’ (1)
(ii) What are the consequences faced when the followers of different religion have some commonalities? (1)
(iii) When does a communal politics can suppress many voices within same community? (2)
Answer:
(i) When state power is used to establish domination of one religious group over the rest of the groups and the demands of one religious group are formed in opposition to anothe communalism happens at that time.
(ii) If the followers of different religions have some commonalities then, these will be superficial and immaterial from the stand point of communalism. Their interests should be different according to the believers of communal politics.
(iii) Communal politics can suppress many voices within the same community when people of same religion do not have the same interests and aspirations and any attempt is made to bring all followers of same religion together.
Question 35.
Read the given extract and answer the questions that follow. [4]
An experiment in Brazil:
A city called Porto Alegre in Brazil has carried out an extraordinary experiment in combining decentralisation with participative democracy. The city has set up a parallel organisation operating alongside the municipal council, enabling local inhabitants to take real decisions for their city. The nearly 13 lakh people in this city get to participate in making the budget for their own city. The city is divided into many sectors or what we call wards.
Each sector has a meeting, like that of the gram sabha, in which anyone living in that area can participate. There are some meetings to discuss issues that affect the entire city. Any citizen of the city can participate in those meetings. The budget of the city is discussed in these meetings. The proposals are put to the municipality that takes a final decision about it.
About 20,000 people participate in this decision-making exercise every year. This method has ensured that the money cannot be spent only for the benefit of the colonies where rich people live. Buses now run to the poor colonies and builders cannot evict slum-dwellers without resettling them.
In our own country, a similar experiment has taken place in some areas in Kerala. Ordinary people have participated in making a plan for the development of their locality.
35.1 Which city of Brazil has carried out an extraordinary experiment? What was the experiment? [1]
Answer:
A city called Porto Alegre in Brazil has carried out an extraordinary experiment in combining decentralisation with participative democracy.
35.2 What has the city set up, and why? [1]
Answer:
The city has set up a parallel organisation operating alongside the municipal council, enabling local inhabitants to take real decisions for their city.
35.3 What has this method ensured its people? [2]
Answer:
This method has ensured that the money cannot be spent only on the benefit of the colonies where rich people live. Buses now run to the poor colonies and builders cannot evict slum-dwellers without resettling them.
Question 36.
Read the given extract and answer the following questions.
However, for comparison between countries, total income is not such a useful measure. Since, countries have different populations, comparing total income will not tell us what an average person is likely to earn. Hence, we compare the average income which is the total income of the country divided by its total population. The average income is also called Per Capita Income.
In World Development Reports, brought out by the World Bank, this Criterion is used in classifying countries. Countries with Per Capita Income of US $ 12,056 per annum and above in 2017, are called rich countries and those with a capita income of US $ 955 or less are called Low-income countries. India comes in the category of low-middle-income countries because its Per capita income in 2017 was just US $ 1820 per annum. The rich countries, excluding countries of the Middle East and certain other small countries, are generally called developed countries.
(i) Which factors are not considered while calculating total income? What is the significance of the classification of countries by the World Bank? (1+ 1)
(ii) The World Development Report has categorized India as a low-middle-income country. Do you agree with the results of this report? (2)
Answer:
(i) The total income calculates the total income earned only. It does not consider the total number of population into which that income is divided. Classification of countries by the World Bank is a way to know how many countries fall into rich, middle, and low-income groups. With this information, the World Bank terms the countries as developed or developing.
(ii) Yes, the World Development Report on categorizing India as low low-middle-income country is correct because India’s per capita income is much lower than the income of developed countries like the US, At the same time, the per capita income of India is higher than low-income countries. Therefore. India’s category as a low-middle-income country is correct.
Section – F (2+3=5 Marks)
Map Skill-Based Question
Question 37.
(a) Two places A and B have been marked on the given outline map of India. [2]
Identify them and write their correct names on the lines drawn near them.
(A) Madras
(B) Champaran
Answer:
(A) Madras
(B) Champaran
(b) (i) Rana Pratap Sagar Dam [3]
(ii) Major producer of sugarcane
(iii) Major oilfield in Assam
(iv) Cotton textile industry.
Answer:
(b) (i) Rana Pratap Sagar Dam – Rajasthan
(ii) Major producer of sugarcane (Uttar Pradesh)
(iii) Major oilfield in Assam – Digboi
(iv) Cotton textile industry in Maharashtra Mumbai